Monodromy
In mathematics, monodromy is the study of how objects from mathematical analysis, algebraic topology, algebraic geometry and differential geometry behave as they "run round" a singularity. As the name
Seifert–Van Kampen theorem
In mathematics, the Seifert–Van Kampen theorem of algebraic topology (named after Herbert Seifert and Egbert van Kampen), sometimes just called Van Kampen's theorem, expresses the structure of the fun
Puppe sequence
In mathematics, the Puppe sequence is a construction of homotopy theory, so named after Dieter Puppe. It comes in two forms: a long exact sequence, built from the mapping fibre (a fibration), and a lo
Rational homotopy theory
In mathematics and specifically in topology, rational homotopy theory is a simplified version of homotopy theory for topological spaces, in which all torsion in the homotopy groups is ignored. It was
Kan fibration
In mathematics, Kan complexes and Kan fibrations are part of the theory of simplicial sets. Kan fibrations are the fibrations of the standard model category structure on simplicial sets and are theref
Fibrant object
In mathematics, specifically in homotopy theory in the context of a model category M, a fibrant object A of M is an object that has a fibration to the terminal object of the category.
Hopf invariant
In mathematics, in particular in algebraic topology, the Hopf invariant is a homotopy invariant of certain maps between n-spheres.
Ravenel's conjectures
In mathematics, the Ravenel conjectures are a set of mathematical conjectures in the field of stable homotopy theory posed by Douglas Ravenel at the end of a paper published in 1984. It was earlier ci
Simplicial space
In mathematics, a simplicial space is a simplicial object in the category of topological spaces. In other words, it is a contravariant functor from the simplex category Δ to the category of topologica
Homotopy sphere
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, a homotopy sphere is an n-manifold that is homotopy equivalent to the n-sphere. It thus has the same homotopy groups and the same homology groups as the
Plus construction
In mathematics, the plus construction is a method for simplifying the fundamental group of a space without changing its homology and cohomology groups. Explicitly, if is a based connected CW complex a
Simplicial homotopy
In algebraic topology, a simplicial homotopypg 23 is an analog of a homotopy between topological spaces for simplicial sets. If are maps between simplicial sets, a simplicial homotopy from f to g is a
Wedge sum
In topology, the wedge sum is a "one-point union" of a family of topological spaces. Specifically, if X and Y are pointed spaces (i.e. topological spaces with distinguished basepoints and ) the wedge
Spanier–Whitehead duality
In mathematics, Spanier–Whitehead duality is a duality theory in homotopy theory, based on a geometrical idea that a topological space X may be considered as dual to its complement in the n-sphere, wh
Johnson–Wilson theory
In algebraic topology, Johnson–Wilson theory E(n) is a generalized cohomology theory introduced by David Copeland Johnson and W. Stephen Wilson. Real Johnson–Wilson theory ER(n) was introduced by Po H
A¹ homotopy theory
In algebraic geometry and algebraic topology, branches of mathematics, A1 homotopy theory is a way to apply the techniques of algebraic topology, specifically homotopy, to algebraic varieties and, mor
G-spectrum
In algebraic topology, a G-spectrum is a spectrum with an action of a (finite) group. Let X be a spectrum with an action of a finite group G. The important notion is that of the homotopy fixed point s
Simple-homotopy equivalence
In mathematics, particularly the area of topology, a simple-homotopy equivalence is a refinement of the concept of homotopy equivalence. Two CW-complexes are simple-homotopy equivalent if they are rel
∞-groupoid
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an ∞-groupoid is an abstract homotopical model for topological spaces. One model uses Kan complexes which are fibrant objects in the category of simplicial
2-group
In mathematics, a 2-group, or 2-dimensional higher group, is a certain combination of group and groupoid. The 2-groups are part of a larger hierarchy of n-groups. In some of the literature, 2-groups a
Adams filtration
In mathematics, especially in the area of algebraic topology known as stable homotopy theory, the Adams filtration and the Adams–Novikov filtration allow a stable homotopy group to be understood as bu
Peripheral subgroup
In algebraic topology, a peripheral subgroup for a space-subspace pair X ⊃ Y is a certain subgroup of the fundamental group of the complementary space, π1(X − Y). Its conjugacy class is an invariant o
Fundamental group
In the mathematical field of algebraic topology, the fundamental group of a topological space is the group of the equivalence classes under homotopy of the loops contained in the space. It records inf
Universal bundle
In mathematics, the universal bundle in the theory of fiber bundles with structure group a given topological group G, is a specific bundle over a classifying space BG, such that every bundle with the
Frank Adams
John Frank Adams FRS (5 November 1930 – 7 January 1989) was a British mathematician, one of the major contributors to homotopy theory.
Exterior space
In mathematics, the notion of externology in a topological space X generalizes the basic properties of the family εXcc = {E ⊆ X : X\E is a closed compact subset of X} of complements of the closed comp
Path space fibration
In algebraic topology, the path space fibration over a based space is a fibration of the form where
* is the path space of X; i.e., equipped with the compact-open topology.
* is the fiber of over th
Homotopy group with coefficients
In topology, a branch of mathematics, for , the i-th homotopy group with coefficients in an abelian group G of a based space X is the pointed set of homotopy classes of based maps from the Moore space
Iterated monodromy group
In geometric group theory and dynamical systems the iterated monodromy group of a covering map is a group describing the monodromy action of the fundamental group on all iterations of the covering. A
Loop space
In topology, a branch of mathematics, the loop space ΩX of a pointed topological space X is the space of (based) loops in X, i.e. continuous pointed maps from the pointed circle S1 to X, equipped with
André–Quillen cohomology
In commutative algebra, André–Quillen cohomology is a theory of cohomology for commutative rings which is closely related to the cotangent complex. The first three cohomology groups were introduced by
Homotopy
In topology, a branch of mathematics, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós "same, similar" and τόπος tópos "place") if on
Homotopy group
In mathematics, homotopy groups are used in algebraic topology to classify topological spaces. The first and simplest homotopy group is the fundamental group, denoted which records information about l
Homotopy type theory
In mathematical logic and computer science, homotopy type theory (HoTT /hɒt/) refers to various lines of development of intuitionistic type theory, based on the interpretation of types as objects to w
Whitehead product
In mathematics, the Whitehead product is a graded quasi-Lie algebra structure on the homotopy groups of a space. It was defined by J. H. C. Whitehead in. The relevant MSC code is: 55Q15, Whitehead pro
Shape theory (mathematics)
Shape theory is a branch of topology that provides a more global view of the topological spaces than homotopy theory. The two coincide on compacta dominated homotopically by finite polyhedra. Shape th
Redshift conjecture
In mathematics, more specifically in chromatic homotopy theory, the redshift conjecture states, roughly, that algebraic K-theory has chromatic level one higher than that of a complex-oriented ring spe
Suspension (topology)
In topology, a branch of mathematics, the suspension of a topological space X is intuitively obtained by stretching X into a cylinder and then collapsing both end faces to points. One views X as "susp
Bousfield localization
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a (left) Bousfield localization of a model category replaces the model structure with another model structure with the same cofibrations but with more weak
Eilenberg–MacLane space
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, an Eilenberg–MacLane space is a topological space with a single nontrivial homotopy group. Let G be a group and n a positive integer. A connected topol
Spectrum (topology)
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, a spectrum is an object representing a generalized cohomology theory. Every such cohomology theory is representable, as follows from Brown's representab
Coherency (homotopy theory)
In mathematics, specifically in homotopy theory and (higher) category theory, coherency is the standard that equalities or diagrams must satisfy when they hold "up to homotopy" or "up to isomorphism".
Toda–Smith complex
In mathematics, Toda–Smith complexes are spectra characterized by having a particularly simple BP-homology, and are useful objects in stable homotopy theory. Toda–Smith complexes provide examples of p
Equivariant stable homotopy theory
In mathematics, more specifically in topology, the equivariant stable homotopy theory is a subfield of equivariant topology that studies a spectrum with group action instead of a space with group acti
Homotopy associative algebra
In mathematics, an algebra such as has multiplication whose associativity is well-defined on the nose. This means for any real numbers we have . But, there are algebras which are not necessarily assoc
Direct limit of groups
In mathematics, a direct limit of groups is the direct limit of a direct system of groups. These are central objects of study in algebraic topology, especially stable homotopy theory and homological a
Weak equivalence (homotopy theory)
In mathematics, a weak equivalence is a notion from homotopy theory that in some sense identifies objects that have the same "shape". This notion is formalized in the axiomatic definition of a model c
Cofibration
In mathematics, in particular homotopy theory, a continuous mapping , where and are topological spaces, is a cofibration if it lets homotopy classes of maps be extended to homotopy classes of maps whe
Section (fiber bundle)
In the mathematical field of topology, a section (or cross section) of a fiber bundle is a continuous right inverse of the projection function . In other words, if is a fiber bundle over a base space,
Semi-locally simply connected
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, semi-locally simply connected is a certain local connectedness condition that arises in the theory of covering spaces. Roughly speaking, a topological
Simplex category
In mathematics, the simplex category (or simplicial category or nonempty finite ordinal category) is the category of non-empty finite ordinals and order-preserving maps. It is used to define simplicia
Simplicial presheaf
In mathematics, more specifically in homotopy theory, a simplicial presheaf is a presheaf on a site (e.g., the category of topological spaces) taking values in simplicial sets (i.e., a contravariant f
Novikov conjecture
The Novikov conjecture is one of the most important unsolved problems in topology. It is named for Sergei Novikov who originally posed the conjecture in 1965. The Novikov conjecture concerns the homot
Covering space
A covering of a topological space is a continuous map with special properties.
Kan-Thurston theorem
In mathematics, particularly algebraic topology, the Kan-Thurston theorem associates a discrete group to every path-connected topological space in such a way that the group cohomology of is the same a
Sobolev mapping
In mathematics, a Sobolev mapping is a mapping between manifolds which has smoothness in some sense. Sobolev mappings appear naturally in manifold-constrained problems in the calculus of variations an
Line bundle
In mathematics, a line bundle expresses the concept of a line that varies from point to point of a space. For example, a curve in the plane having a tangent line at each point determines a varying lin
Simplicial set
In mathematics, a simplicial set is an object composed of simplices in a specific way. Simplicial sets are higher-dimensional generalizations of directed graphs, partially ordered sets and categories.
Model category
In mathematics, particularly in homotopy theory, a model category is a category with distinguished classes of morphisms ('arrows') called 'weak equivalences', 'fibrations' and 'cofibrations' satisfyin
Semi-s-cobordism
In mathematics, a cobordism (W, M, M−) of an (n + 1)-dimensional manifold (with boundary) W between its boundary components, two n-manifolds M and M−, is called a semi-s-cobordism if (and only if) the
Chromatic homotopy theory
In mathematics, chromatic homotopy theory is a subfield of stable homotopy theory that studies complex-oriented cohomology theories from the "chromatic" point of view, which is based on Quillen's work
Homotopy colimit and limit
In mathematics, especially in algebraic topology, the homotopy limit and colimitpg 52 are variants of the notions of limit and colimit extended to the homotopy category . The main idea is this: if we
Postnikov system
In homotopy theory, a branch of algebraic topology, a Postnikov system (or Postnikov tower) is a way of decomposing a topological space's homotopy groups using an inverse system of topological spaces
Quasi-category
In mathematics, more specifically category theory, a quasi-category (also called quasicategory, weak Kan complex, inner Kan complex, infinity category, ∞-category, Boardman complex, quategory) is a ge
Groupoid
In mathematics, especially in category theory and homotopy theory, a groupoid (less often Brandt groupoid or virtual group) generalises the notion of group in several equivalent ways. A groupoid can b
Cohomotopy set
In mathematics, particularly algebraic topology, cohomotopy sets are particular contravariant functors from the category of pointed topological spaces and basepoint-preserving continuous maps to the c
Cotriple homology
In algebra, given a category C with a cotriple, the n-th cotriple homology of an object X in C with coefficients in a functor E is the n-th homotopy group of the E of the augmented simplicial object i
CW complex
A CW complex (also called cellular complex or cell complex) is a kind of a topological space that is particularly important in algebraic topology. It was introduced by J. H. C. Whitehead to meet the n
Hypercovering
In mathematics, and in particular homotopy theory, a hypercovering (or hypercover) is a simplicial object that generalises the Čech nerve of a cover. For the Čech nerve of an open cover , one can show
Phantom map
In homotopy theory, phantom maps are continuous maps of CW-complexes for which the restriction of to any finite subcomplex is inessential (i.e., nullhomotopic). J. Frank Adams and Grant Walker produce
Acyclic space
In mathematics, an acyclic space is a nonempty topological space X in which cycles are always boundaries, in the sense of homology theory. This implies that integral homology groups in all dimensions
Localization of a topological space
In mathematics, well-behaved topological spaces can be localized at primes, in a similar way to the localization of a ring at a prime. This construction was described by Dennis Sullivan in 1970 lectur
Generalised Whitehead product
The Whitehead product is a mathematical construction introduced in . It has been a useful tool in determining the properties of spaces. The mathematical notion of space includes every shape that exist
Highly structured ring spectrum
In mathematics, a highly structured ring spectrum or -ring is an object in homotopy theory encoding a refinement of a multiplicative structure on a cohomology theory. A commutative version of an -ring
Volodin space
In mathematics, more specifically in topology, the Volodin space of a ring R is a subspace of the classifying space given by where is the subgroup of upper triangular matrices with 1's on the diagonal
Homotopy category
In mathematics, the homotopy category is a category built from the category of topological spaces which in a sense identifies two spaces that have the same shape. The phrase is in fact used for two di
Obstruction theory
In mathematics, obstruction theory is a name given to two different mathematical theories, both of which yield cohomological invariants. In the original work of Stiefel and Whitney, characteristic cla
N-group (category theory)
In mathematics, an n-group, or n-dimensional higher group, is a special kind of n-category that generalises the concept of group to higher-dimensional algebra. Here, may be any natural number or infin
Homotopy theory
In mathematics, homotopy theory is a systematic study of situations in which maps can come with homotopies between them. It originated as a topic in algebraic topology but nowadays is studied as an in
Pointed space
In mathematics, a pointed space or based space is a topological space with a distinguished point, the basepoint. The distinguished point is just simply one particular point, picked out from the space,
Ring spectrum
In stable homotopy theory, a ring spectrum is a spectrum E together with a multiplication map μ: E ∧ E → E and a unit map η: S → E, where S is the sphere spectrum. These maps have to satisfy associati
Topological half-exact functor
In mathematics, a topological half-exact functor F is a functor from a fixed topological category (for example CW complexes or pointed spaces) to an abelian category (most frequently in applications,
Generalized Poincaré conjecture
In the mathematical area of topology, the generalized Poincaré conjecture is a statement that a manifold which is a homotopy sphere is a sphere. More precisely, one fixes a category of manifolds: topo
Infinite loop space machine
In topology, a branch of mathematics, given a topological monoid X up to homotopy (in a nice way), an infinite loop space machine produces a group completion of X together with infinite loop space str
Path (topology)
In mathematics, a path in a topological space is a continuous function from the closed unit interval into Paths play an important role in the fields of topology and mathematical analysis. For example,
Halperin conjecture
In rational homotopy theory, the Halperin conjecture concerns the Serre spectral sequence of certain fibrations. It is named after the Canadian mathematician Stephen Halperin.
Timelike simply connected
Suppose a Lorentzian manifold contains a closed timelike curve (CTC). No CTC can be continuously deformed as a CTC (is timelike homotopic) to a point, as that point would not be causally well behaved.
Stable module category
In representation theory, the stable module category is a category in which projectives are "factored out."
Cotangent complex
In mathematics, the cotangent complex is a common generalisation of the cotangent sheaf, normal bundle and virtual tangent bundle of a map of geometric spaces such as manifolds or schemes. If is a mor
Desuspension
In topology, a field within mathematics, desuspension is an operation inverse to suspension.
Weakly contractible
In mathematics, a topological space is said to be weakly contractible if all of its homotopy groups are trivial.
Stunted projective space
In mathematics, a stunted projective space is a construction on a projective space of importance in homotopy theory, introduced by James. Part of a conventional projective space is collapsed down to a
Adams spectral sequence
In mathematics, the Adams spectral sequence is a spectral sequence introduced by J. Frank Adams which computes the stable homotopy groups of topological spaces. Like all spectral sequences, it is a co
Contractible space
In mathematics, a topological space X is contractible if the identity map on X is null-homotopic, i.e. if it is homotopic to some constant map. Intuitively, a contractible space is one that can be con
Segal's conjecture
Segal's Burnside ring conjecture, or, more briefly, the Segal conjecture, is a theorem in homotopy theory, a branch of mathematics. The theorem relates the Burnside ring of a finite group G to the sta
Simple homotopy theory
In mathematics, simple homotopy theory is a homotopy theory (a branch of algebraic topology) that concerns with the simple-homotopy type of a space. It was originated by Whitehead in his 1950 paper "S
Aspherical space
In topology, a branch of mathematics, an aspherical space is a topological space with all homotopy groups equal to 0 when . If one works with CW complexes, one can reformulate this condition: an asphe
En-ring
In mathematics, an -algebra in a symmetric monoidal infinity category C consists of the following data:
* An object for any open subset U of Rn homeomorphic to an n-disk.
* A multiplication map:for
Connective spectrum
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, a connective spectrum is a spectrum whose homotopy sets of negative degrees are zero.
Fiber-homotopy equivalence
In algebraic topology, a fiber-homotopy equivalence is a map over a space B that has homotopy inverse over B (that is we require a homotopy be a map over B for each time t.) It is a relative analog of
H-space
In mathematics, an H-space is a homotopy-theoretic version of a generalization of the notion of topological group, in which the axioms on associativity and inverses are removed.
Timelike homotopy
On a Lorentzian manifold, certain curves are distinguished as timelike. A timelike homotopy between two timelike curves is a homotopy such that each intermediate curve is timelike. No closed timelike
Classifying space for U(n)
In mathematics, the classifying space for the unitary group U(n) is a space BU(n) together with a universal bundle EU(n) such that any hermitian bundle on a paracompact space X is the pull-back of EU(
J-homomorphism
In mathematics, the J-homomorphism is a mapping from the homotopy groups of the special orthogonal groups to the homotopy groups of spheres. It was defined by George W. Whitehead, extending a construc
P-compact group
In mathematics, in particular algebraic topology, a p-compact group is a homotopical version of a compact Lie group, but with all the local structure concentrated at a single prime p. This concept was
String group
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a string group is an infinite-dimensional group introduced by as a -connected cover of a spin group. A string manifold is a manifold with a lifting of its frame b
Nilpotence theorem
In algebraic topology, the nilpotence theorem gives a condition for an element in the homotopy groups of a ring spectrum to be nilpotent, in terms of the complex cobordism spectrum . More precisely, i
Homotopy groups of spheres
In the mathematical field of algebraic topology, the homotopy groups of spheres describe how spheres of various dimensions can wrap around each other. They are examples of topological invariants, whic
Sphere spectrum
In stable homotopy theory, a branch of mathematics, the sphere spectrum S is the monoidal unit in the category of spectra. It is the suspension spectrum of S0, i.e., a set of two points. Explicitly, t
Hopf fibration
In the mathematical field of differential topology, the Hopf fibration (also known as the Hopf bundle or Hopf map) describes a 3-sphere (a hypersphere in four-dimensional space) in terms of circles an
Classifying space
In mathematics, specifically in homotopy theory, a classifying space BG of a topological group G is the quotient of a weakly contractible space EG (i.e. a topological space all of whose homotopy group
Topological rigidity
In the mathematical field of topology, a manifold M is called topologically rigid if every manifold homotopically equivalent to M is also homeomorphic to M.
Module spectrum
In algebra, a module spectrum is a spectrum with an action of a ring spectrum; it generalizes a module in abstract algebra. The ∞-category of (say right) module spectra is stable; hence, it can be con
Homotopical connectivity
In algebraic topology, homotopical connectivity is a property describing a topological space based on the dimension of its holes. In general, low homotopical connectivity indicates that the space has
Étale homotopy type
In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry, the étale homotopy type is an analogue of the homotopy type of topological spaces for algebraic varieties. Roughly speaking, for a variety or scheme X
Equivariant cohomology
In mathematics, equivariant cohomology (or Borel cohomology) is a cohomology theory from algebraic topology which applies to topological spaces with a group action. It can be viewed as a common genera
Homotopy extension property
In mathematics, in the area of algebraic topology, the homotopy extension property indicates which homotopies defined on a subspace can be extended to a homotopy defined on a larger space. The homotop
Quillen adjunction
In homotopy theory, a branch of mathematics, a Quillen adjunction between two closed model categories C and D is a special kind of adjunction between categories that induces an adjunction between the
Smash product
In topology, a branch of mathematics, the smash product of two pointed spaces (i.e. topological spaces with distinguished basepoints) (X, x0) and (Y, y0) is the quotient of the product space X × Y und
Homotopy lifting property
In mathematics, in particular in homotopy theory within algebraic topology, the homotopy lifting property (also known as an instance of the right lifting property or the covering homotopy axiom) is a
Sullivan conjecture
In mathematics, Sullivan conjecture or Sullivan's conjecture on maps from classifying spaces can refer to any of several results and conjectures prompted by homotopy theory work of Dennis Sullivan. A
Homotopy analysis method
The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is a semi-analytical technique to solve nonlinear ordinary/partial differential equations. The homotopy analysis method employs the concept of the homotopy from topo
Toda bracket
In mathematics, the Toda bracket is an operation on homotopy classes of maps, in particular on homotopy groups of spheres, named after Hiroshi Toda, who defined them and used them to compute homotopy
Double groupoid
In mathematics, especially in higher-dimensional algebra and homotopy theory, a double groupoid generalises the notion of groupoid and of category to a higher dimension.
Homotopy hypothesis
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, Grothendieck's homotopy hypothesis states that the ∞-groupoids are spaces. If we model our ∞-groupoids as Kan complexes, then the homotopy types of the geo
Stable homotopy theory
In mathematics, stable homotopy theory is the part of homotopy theory (and thus algebraic topology) concerned with all structure and phenomena that remain after sufficiently many applications of the s
Compactly generated space
In topology, a compactly generated space is a topological space whose topology is coherent with the family of all compact subspaces. Specifically, a topological space X is compactly generated if it sa
Homotopy fiber
In mathematics, especially homotopy theory, the homotopy fiber (sometimes called the mapping fiber) is part of a construction that associates a fibration to an arbitrary continuous function of topolog