Statistical ratios | Statistical tests
In statistics Wilks' theorem offers an asymptotic distribution of the log-likelihood ratio statistic, which can be used to produce confidence intervals for maximum-likelihood estimates or as a test statistic for performing the likelihood-ratio test. Statistical tests (such as hypothesis testing) generally require knowledge of the probability distribution of the test statistic. This is often a problem for likelihood ratios, where the probability distribution can be very difficult to determine. A convenient result by Samuel S. Wilks says that as the sample size approaches , the distribution of the test statistic asymptotically approaches the chi-squared distribution under the null hypothesis . Here, denotes the likelihood ratio, and the distribution has degrees of freedom equal to the difference in dimensionality of and , where is the full parameter space and is the subset of the parameter space associated with . This result means that for large samples and a great variety of hypotheses, a practitioner can compute the likelihood ratio for the data and compare to the value corresponding to a desired statistical significance as an approximate statistical test. The theorem no longer applies when the true value of the parameter is on the boundary of the parameter space: Wilks’ theorem assumes that the ‘true’ but unknown values of the estimated parameters lie within the interior of the supported parameter space. In practice, one will notice the problem if the estimate lies on that boundary. In that event, the likelihood test is still a sensible test statistic and even possess some aymptotic optimality properties, but the significance (the p-value) can not be reliably estimated using the chi-squared distribution with the number of degrees of freedom prescribed by Wilks. In some cases, the asymptotic null-hypothesis distribution of the statistic is a mixture of chi-square distributions with different numbers of degrees of freedom. (Wikipedia).
The Campbell-Baker-Hausdorff and Dynkin formula and its finite nature
In this video explain, implement and numerically validate all the nice formulas popping up from math behind the theorem of Campbell, Baker, Hausdorff and Dynkin, usually a.k.a. Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula. Here's the TeX and python code: https://gist.github.com/Nikolaj-K/8e9a345e4c932
From playlist Algebra
Calculus - The Fundamental Theorem, Part 1
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. First video in a short series on the topic. The theorem is stated and two simple examples are worked.
From playlist Calculus - The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
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The ELSV formula (discovered by Ekedahl, Lando, Shapiro and Vainshtein) is an equality between two numbers. The first one is a Hurwitz number that can be defined as the number of factorizations of a given permutation into transpositions. The second is the integral of a characteristic class
From playlist 4th Itzykson Colloquium - Moduli Spaces and Quantum Curves
Introduction to additive combinatorics lecture 10.8 --- A weak form of Freiman's theorem
In this short video I explain how the proof of Freiman's theorem for subsets of Z differs from the proof given earlier for subsets of F_p^N. The answer is not very much: the main differences are due to the fact that cyclic groups of prime order do not have lots of subgroups, so one has to
From playlist Introduction to Additive Combinatorics (Cambridge Part III course)
What is the Binomial Theorem? (and How to Use It) | Algebra, Binomial Expansion, Summation Notation
What is the binomial theorem and how do we use it? We go over that, including a pretty gnarly binomial theorem example, in today’s math lesson! The binomial theorem is used to expand binomials raised to the power of positive integers. Expanding binomials that are raised to powers much gr
From playlist Probability Theory
Differential Equations | Application of Abel's Theorem Example 2
We give an example of applying Abel's Theorem to construct a second solution to a differential equation given one solution. www.michael-penn.net
From playlist Differential Equations
G. Binyamini - Point counting for foliations over number fields
We consider an algebraic $V$ variety and its foliation, both defined over a number field. Given a (compact piece of a) leaf $L$ of the foliation, and a subvariety $W$ of complementary codimension, we give an upper bound for the number of intersections between $L$ and $W$. The bound depends
From playlist Ecole d'été 2019 - Foliations and algebraic geometry
Christian Lehn (3/26/19): Limit theorems in topological data analysis
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From playlist AATRN 2019
Central Limit Theorem: Verification using Poisson Distribution with Lambda = 1
This script is to verify the Central Limit Theorem in probability theory or statistics. The Central Limit Theorem states that, regardless of the distribution of the population, the sampling distribution of the sample means, assuming all samples are identical in size, will approach a norma
From playlist Probability Theory/Statistics
How to do an Independent Samples t Test in JASP (11-10)
Using a dataset about puppy training, we learn how to set up and run an independent samples t test. We import data into JASP, conduct the test, interpret the results and write up the findings. We will learn to check the assumptions of homogeneity of variance using a Levene’s test and norma
From playlist Discovering Statistics with JASP
Lecturer: Dr. Erin M. Buchanan Spring 2020 Learn how to complete a single sample t-test with JASP! Learn more and find our documents on our OSF page: https://osf.io/t56kg/. Look at our basic statistics page for complete lecture: https://statisticsofdoom.com/page/basic-statistics/.
From playlist Learn JASP + Statistics
How do I... DO AN INDEPENDENT-SAMPLES T-TEST in Jamovi? (2022)
I have two groups — how do I see if they differ on some other variable? I have these answers and more in this next episode of learning stats with Jamovi! Jamovi stats: https://www.jamovi.org/ NOTE: My tutorials always use the latest build release from Jamovi. Some features may not be pre
From playlist Jamovi 2022 Tutorials
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In this lesson we take a look at what lies at the heart of inferential statistics: the central limit theorem. It describes the distribution of possible study means.
From playlist Learning medical statistics with python and Jupyter notebooks
Lecturer: Dr. Erin M. Buchanan Spring 2020 Learn how to complete an independent t-test in JASP! Learn more and find our documents on our OSF page: https://osf.io/t56kg/. Look at our basic statistics page for complete lecture: https://statisticsofdoom.com/page/basic-statistics/.
From playlist Learn JASP + Statistics
History's Greatest Mysteries: The Untold Mystery of John Wilkes Booth (Part 1) (Season 1) | History
Watch all new episodes of History's Greatest Mysteries, Saturdays at 9/8c, and stay up to date on all of your favorite History Channel shows at http://history.com/schedule. The mystery surrounding the escape of John Wilkes Booth takes a shocking turn as experts reveal what is needed for a
From playlist History's Greatest Mysteries | Official Series Playlist | History
Diophantine analysis in thin orbits - Alex Kontorovich
Special Seminar Topic: Diophantine analysis in thin orbits Speaker: Alex Kontorovich Affiliation: Rutgers University; von Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Date: December 8, 2017 For more videos, please visit http://video.ias.edu
From playlist Mathematics
Lecturer: Dr. Erin M. Buchanan Spring 2020 Learn how to complete a dependent t-test in JASP! Learn more and find our documents on our OSF page: https://osf.io/t56kg/. Look at our basic statistics page for complete lecture: https://statisticsofdoom.com/page/basic-statistics/.
From playlist Learn JASP + Statistics
How to run a Shapiro Wilk test for normality in SPSS. When you should use Shapiro Wilk (for small samples) and when you should use the K-S Test instead.
From playlist SPSS
Proof of Lemma and Lagrange's Theorem
Please Subscribe here, thank you!!! https://goo.gl/JQ8Nys Proof of Lemma and Lagrange's Theorem. This video starts by proving that any two right cosets have the same cardinality. Then we prove Lagrange's Theorem which says that if H is a subgroup of a finite group G then the order of H div
From playlist Abstract Algebra
The Notorious Family Slayer (True Crime Documentary) | Real Stories
In 1982 Wilkes Barre, Pennslyvania was rocked by a shocking killing spree. In a matter of hours, 40 year old ex-prison guard George Emil Banks brutally murdered 13, many of whom were his own flesh and blood. Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/RealStoriesChannel Instagram - @realstoriesdo
From playlist Infamous Killers