Equivalence (mathematics) | Mathematical structures

Equivalent definitions of mathematical structures

In mathematics, equivalent definitions are used in two somewhat different ways. First, within a particular mathematical theory (for example, Euclidean geometry), a notion (for example, ellipse or minimal surface) may have more than one definition. These definitions are equivalent in the context of a given mathematical structure (Euclidean space, in this case). Second, a mathematical structure may have more than one definition (for example, topological space has at least seven definitions; ordered field has at least two definitions). In the former case, equivalence of two definitions means that a mathematical object (for example, geometric body) satisfies one definition if and only if it satisfies the other definition. In the latter case, the meaning of equivalence (between two definitions of a structure) is more complicated, since a structure is more abstract than an object. Many different objects may implement the same structure. (Wikipedia).

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Topological space | Metric space | Lie group | Graph (discrete mathematics) | Euclidean geometry | If and only if | Uniform isomorphism | Vector space | Homotopy | Ellipse | Homeomorphism | Fixed point (mathematics) | Groupoid | Homotopy type theory | Partially ordered set | Standard probability space | Probability space | Topological group | Topological vector space | Isomorphism | Symplectomorphism | Permutation | Projective space | Permutation group | Banach space | Complement (set theory) | New Foundations | Peano axioms | Inductive dimension | Uniform space | Homomorphism | Mathematical structure | Abstract data type | Differentiable manifold | Natural transformation | Minimal surface | Higher-order logic | Canonical map | Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory | Adjacency matrix | Successor function | Unitary transformation | Natural number | Conformal geometry | Function (mathematics) | Affine transformation | Diffeomorphism | Equivalence of categories | Second-order logic | Riemannian manifold | Euclidean space | Benacerraf's identification problem | Cartesian product | Category theory | Graph isomorphism | Concrete category | Bijection | Signature (logic) | Prime number | Cryptomorphism | Equivalence relation | Hilbert space | Type theory | Affine space | Complex number | Homography | Nicolas Bourbaki | Symplectic manifold | Ordered field | First-order logic | Power set | Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory | Image (mathematics) | Order isomorphism