In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single bit), the output changes significantly (e.g., half the output bits flip). In the case of high-quality block ciphers, such a small change in either the key or the plaintext should cause a drastic change in the ciphertext. The actual term was first used by Horst Feistel, although the concept dates back to at least Shannon's diffusion. If a block cipher or cryptographic hash function does not exhibit the avalanche effect to a significant degree, then it has poor randomization, and thus a cryptanalyst can make predictions about the input, being given only the output. This may be sufficient to partially or completely break the algorithm. Thus, the avalanche effect is a desirable condition from the point of view of the designer of the cryptographic algorithm or device. Constructing a cipher or hash to exhibit a substantial avalanche effect is one of the primary design objectives, and mathematically the construction takes advantage of the butterfly effect. This is why most block ciphers are product ciphers. It is also why hash functions have large data blocks. Both of these features allow small changes to propagate rapidly through iterations of the algorithm, such that every bit of the output should depend on every bit of the input before the algorithm terminates. (Wikipedia).
Check out this crazy experiment on the difference between Icebergs and Glaciers! Tune in and see which one will have an effect on sea-level rise with Global Warming...Learn more about climate change at www.exploratorium.edu/poles/climate
From playlist Hands-on Exploratorium
Why slow glaciers can sometimes surge as fast as a speeding train--wiping out people in their path
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From playlist News Features
CAUGHT ON CAMERA: Snowmobiler Triggers Avalanche
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From playlist Outrageous Acts of Science
10 Amazing demonstration, Magnus effect!
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From playlist MECHANICS
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From playlist Earth History
In this video i demonstrate photoelectric effect. I explain the effect and i show the Einstein equation! Enjoy!
From playlist ATOMIC PHYSICS
We demonstrate the Doppler Effect where a traveling transmitter excites spherical waves in fixed time intervals. While a frequency increase in the direction of travel is observed, a reduction of frequency occurs in the opposite direction.
From playlist Electromagnetic Animations
AWESOME Physics demonstration. Coriolis effect (explained)!!!
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From playlist MECHANICS
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From playlist Celebrating the Science of Giorgio Parisi (ONLINE)
Arna Hauksdóttir: Natural Disasters and Health Outcomes in Iceland: Population-Based Studies
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From playlist Public Health: Collections
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From playlist Physics
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From playlist Spark Top Docs
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From playlist Conference and School on Nucleation Aggregation and Growth
Claire Monteleoni - Climate Informatics: Machine Learning for the Study of Climate Change
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From playlist Conférence IA / 16 et 17 novembre 2021 à l'IHP
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From playlist Blockchain Tutorial Videos 🔥[2022 Updated] | Simplilearn
Yielding in amorphous solids by Srikanth Sastry
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From playlist Entropy, Information and Order in Soft Matter
Why Real Avalanches Aren't Like Cartoons
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From playlist Uploads
Spatial Clustering for Long-Ranged Avalanches and Epidemics by Alberto Rosso
DISCUSSION MEETING : STATISTICAL PHYSICS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS ORGANIZERS : Sumedha (NISER, India), Abhishek Dhar (ICTS-TIFR, India), Satya Majumdar (University of Paris-Saclay, France), R Rajesh (IMSc, India), Sanjib Sabhapandit (RRI, India) and Tridib Sadhu (TIFR, India) DATE : 19 December
From playlist Statistical Physics of Complex Systems - 2022
Astronomy - Ch. 9.1: Earth's Atmosphere (6 of 61) Atmospheric Temperature Gradient
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From playlist THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
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29 May 2017 to 02 June 2017 VENUE: Ramanujan Lecture Hall, ICTS Bangalore This program aims to bring together people working on classical and quantum systems with disorder and interactions. The extensive exploration, through experiments, simulations and model calculations, of growing cor
From playlist Correlation and Disorder in Classical and Quantum Systems