Nuclear Physics

1. Elements and Nucleosynthesis
   1. Stellar Nucleosynthesis
      1. Processes in Stellar Interiors
         1. Hydrogen Burning
            1. Proton-Proton Chain Reaction
            2. CNO Cycle
         2. Helium Burning
            1. Triple-alpha Process
            2. Production of Carbon and Oxygen
         3. Advanced Burning Stages
            1. Carbon Burning
            2. Neon Burning
            3. Oxygen Burning
            4. Silicon Burning
         4. Nucleosynthesis in Massive Stars
      2. Element Formation in Stars
         1. Formation of Light Elements
            1. Helium, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen
         2. Creation of Elements Heavier Than Iron
            1. Supernova Explosions
            2. Neutrino-driven Winds
   2. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
      1. Primordial Nucleosynthesis
         1. Formation of Hydrogen, Helium, and Trace Deuterium
         2. Cosmological Implications
         3. Temperature and Density Conditions
      2. Aftermath of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
         1. Influence on Cosmic Microwave Background
   3. Supernova Nucleosynthesis
      1. Types of Supernovae
         1. Type II
         2. Type Ia
         3. Type Ib/Ic
      2. Explosive Nucleosynthesis
         1. Role of Supernova Shockwaves
         2. Synchrotron Radiation Effects
      3. Contribution to Heavy Element Abundances
         1. Rapid Neutron Capture Process (r-process)
            1. Occurrence in Neutron Star Mergers
            2. Production of Rare Earth Elements
   4. r-process and s-process
      1. Mechanisms of Neutron Capture
         1. s-process (Slow Neutron Capture)
            1. Occurrence in Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) Stars
            2. Production of Moderate Mass Elements
         2. r-process (Rapid Neutron Capture)
            1. High Neutron Flux Environments
      2. Conditions and Sites of r-process
         1. Supernovae and Neutron Star Mergers
         2. Contribution to Heavy Element Formation
   5. Nuclear Astrophysics
      1. Role of Nuclear Reactions in Astrophysical Contexts
         1. Impact on Stellar Evolution
         2. Influence on Galactic Chemical Evolution
      2. Interdisciplinary Approaches
         1. Integration of Nuclear Physics and Astronomy
         2. Impact of Stellar Models on Nucleosynthesis Predictions
      3. Nuclear Reaction Rates
         1. Temperature and Density Dependencies
         2. Cross-sections and Astrophysical Reaction Network
      4. Experimental and Observational Techniques
         1. Ground-based and Space Telescopes Observations
         2. Laboratory Experiments Simulating Stellar Conditions
      5. The Role of Instabilities
         1. Hydrodynamic Instabilities in Stars
         2. Implications for Element Distribution