Inorganic Chemistry

1. Coordination Chemistry
   1. Basic Concepts and Definitions
      1. Coordination Compound and Complex
         1. Central metal ion or atom
         2. Ligands and their classification
            1. Unidentate ligands
            2. Bidentate ligands
            3. Polydentate ligands
            4. Bridging ligands
         3. Coordination number and types of coordination
         4. Coordination sphere and representation
   2. Ligands
      1. Types of Ligands
         1. Neutral ligands
         2. Anionic ligands
         3. Cationic ligands
      2. Ligand Isomerism
         1. Constitutional (structural) isomers
            1. Ionization isomers
            2. Hydrate isomers
            3. Linkage isomers
         2. Stereoisomers
            1. Geometric isomers
            2. Optical isomers
      3. Ligand Valence
         1. Denticity and the concept of hapticity
         2. Chelating ligands
         3. Ambidentate ligands
   3. Coordination Number and Geometry
      1. Common coordination numbers
         1. 2- Coordination (Linear)
         2. 3-Coordination (Trigonal planar)
         3. 4-Coordination (Tetrahedral, Square planar)
         4. 5-Coordination (Trigonal bipyramidal, Square pyramidal)
         5. 6-Coordination (Octahedral)
         6. Higher coordination numbers
      2. Factors Affecting Coordination Geometry
         1. Ligand size and steric effects
         2. Electronic considerations
         3. Metal ion size
   4. Complex Stability
      1. Stability Constants
         1. Stepwise stability constants
         2. Overall stability constants
      2. Thermodynamic Stability
         1. Energetics of complex formation
         2. Entropy and enthalpy changes
      3. Kinetic Stability
         1. Labile and inert complexes
         2. Kinetics vs. thermodynamics
      4. Factors Affecting Stability
         1. Chelate effect
         2. Steric effects in ligands
         3. Hard/soft acid-base (HSAB) concept
         4. Electronic effects of metal ions and ligands
   5. Crystal Field Theory (CFT)
      1. Splitting of d Orbitals
         1. Octahedral complexes
         2. Tetrahedral complexes
         3. Square planar complexes
      2. Crystal Field Stabilization Energy (CFSE)
         1. Calculating CFSE
         2. High-spin and low-spin configurations
      3. Effects on Magnetic Properties
         1. Paramagnetism vs. Diamagnetism
      4. Color and Spectrochemical Series
         1. Origins of color in complexes
         2. Spectrochemical series and ligands effect on Δ value
   6. Ligand Field Theory (LFT)
      1. Integration with Molecular Orbital Theory
         1. Mixing of metal and ligand orbitals
         2. Bonding, antibonding, and non-bonding interactions
      2. Comparison with CFT
         1. More accurate description of complexes
         2. Influence on complex stability and reactivity
   7. Chelation
      1. Chelate Effect
         1. Definition and implications in stability
         2. Thermodynamic origins of chelate effect
      2. Macrocyclic and Cryptate Effect
         1. Ring size and number of atoms in chelates
         2. Exceptional stability in macrocyclic complexes
      3. Applications of Chelating Agents
         1. Biological systems (e.g., hemoglobin, enzymes)
         2. Industrial processes (e.g., metal extraction)
         3. Medicinal chemistry (e.g., metal detoxification)
   8. Applications of Coordination Compounds
      1. Industrial Applications
         1. Catalysis and material science
         2. Pigments and dyes
      2. Biological Systems
         1. Metalloprotein function and structure
         2. Metal ion storage and transport
      3. Medicines and Pharmaceuticals
         1. Metal-based drugs (e.g., cisplatin)
         2. Diagnostic agents
      4. Environmental Applications
         1. Role in remediation and pollution control
         2. Complexes in metal sequestration