Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry is a branch of chemistry that focuses on the study of inorganic compounds, which include minerals, metals, and nonmetals, and do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. This field encompasses a wide range of substances, from salts and metals to coordination compounds and organometallics. Inorganic chemistry plays a crucial role in various applications, including catalysis, materials science, and biochemistry, by exploring the properties, structures, and reactions of inorganic substances. It also investigates the behavior of elements and their compounds in terms of bonding, oxidation states, and reactivity.

1. Fundamental Concepts in Inorganic Chemistry
   1. Atomic Structure
      1. Electron Configuration
         1. Aufbau principle
         2. Pauli exclusion principle
         3. Hund's rule
         4. Noble gas notation
         5. Isoelectronic species
      2. Quantum Numbers
         1. Principal quantum number (n)
         2. Angular momentum quantum number (l)
         3. Magnetic quantum number (m_l)
         4. Spin quantum number (m_s)
         5. Relationship between quantum numbers and energy levels
      3. Orbitals
         1. s, p, d, and f orbitals
         2. Shapes and orientations of orbitals
         3. Nodes and nodal planes
         4. Hybridization of orbitals
         5. Orbital diagrams and notation
      4. Periodic Trends
         1. Atomic and ionic radii
         2. Ionization energy
         3. Electron affinity
         4. Electronegativity
         5. Trends across periods and down groups
   2. Chemical Bonding
      1. Ionic Bonding
         1. Formation of cations and anions
         2. Lattice energy and factors affecting it
         3. Born-Haber cycle
         4. Characteristics of ionic compounds
      2. Covalent Bonding
         1. Lewis electron-dot structures
         2. Bond order, bond length, and bond energy
         3. Polar vs. nonpolar covalent bonds
         4. Resonance and resonance hybrids
         5. Partial charges and dipole moments
      3. Metallic Bonding
         1. Electron sea model
         2. Properties of metals and alloys
         3. Band theory in metals
         4. Conductivity and malleability
      4. Lewis Structures
         1. Octet rule and exceptions
         2. Drawing Lewis structures for complex molecules
         3. Predicting molecular shape from Lewis structures
         4. Formal charge and its calculations
         5. Polarization of bonds in Lewis structures
      5. VSEPR Theory
         1. Predicting molecular geometry
         2. Electron pair repulsion and molecular shape
         3. Influence of lone pairs on molecular geometry
         4. Bond angles in different molecular geometries
      6. Molecular Orbital Theory
         1. Formation of molecular orbitals from atomic orbitals
         2. Bonding and antibonding orbitals
         3. MO diagrams for diatomic molecules
         4. delocalized π-bonding and conjugation
         5. Application to magnetic properties of molecules
      7. Crystal Field Theory
         1. Splitting of d orbitals in different geometries
         2. Tetrahedral vs. octahedral complexes
         3. Crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE)
         4. Factors affecting crystal field splitting
         5. Magnetic properties and color of transition metal complexes
   3. Oxidation States
      1. Determining Oxidation Numbers
         1. Rules for assigning oxidation numbers
         2. Oxidation state vs. formal charge
         3. Application in redox reactions and compound nomenclature
      2. Redox Reactions
         1. Oxidation and reduction processes
         2. Identifying oxidizing and reducing agents
         3. Balancing of redox reactions using the half-reaction method
         4. Standard electrode potentials and their use in predicting reaction spontaneity
      3. Balancing Redox Equations
         1. Balancing redox reactions in acidic solutions
         2. Balancing redox reactions in basic solutions
         3. Use of oxidation number method
         4. Application in electrochemical cells and corrosion prevention