Useful Links
Biology
Immunology
Immunodeficiencies
Primary Immunodeficiencies
Genetic Disorders
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Types of SCID (e.g., X-linked, ADA deficiency)
Genetic mutations involved
Treatment options
Bone marrow transplant
Gene therapy
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
Clinical manifestations
Diagnostic criteria
Management strategies
X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia)
Pathophysiology
Laboratory findings
Treatment modalities
Immunoglobulin replacement therapy
Hyper-IgM Syndromes
Classification (e.g., CD40 ligand deficiency)
Immune dysfunctions
Therapeutic interventions
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
Defective phagocyte function
Infectious risks
Long-term management
Antibiotic prophylaxis
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Congenital Defects
DiGeorge Syndrome
Chromosomal deletions
Effects on thymus and parathyroid
Treatment and lifestyle adjustments
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Immunological and hematological issues
Risk of autoimmunity and malignancy
Treatment options
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Neurological and immunological manifestations
Cancer predisposition
Symptom management
Secondary Immunodeficiencies
Acquired Conditions
Malnutrition
Impact on immune cell function
Nutritional interventions
Protein-calorie malnutrition
Common clinical presentations
Mitigation strategies
Chronic illnesses
Diabetes mellitus
Chronic kidney disease
Hepatic insufficiency
Effect on immune competence
Consequences of Treatments
Chemotherapy and Radiation
Effects on bone marrow and lymphocytes
Strategies to mitigate immune suppression
Growth factors
Prophylactic antimicrobials
Immunosuppressive Drugs
Mechanisms of drug-induced immunosuppression
Monitoring and adjusting therapy
Drug interactions
Managing side effects
Corticosteroids
Broad effects on immune function
Tapering and withdrawal approaches
Other immunosuppressive therapies
Monoclonal antibodies
Biological response modifiers
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Pathogenesis
Viral entry and replication
Evasion of host immune response
Latent reservoirs and challenges in eradication
Impact on the Immune System
CD4+ T cell depletion
Functional impairments in immune response
Opportunistic infections
Comorbid conditions
Diagnosis
Serological testing
Molecular assays
CD4+ count and viral load monitoring
Management
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
Principles and regimens
Adherence and resistance issues
Preventive measures for co-infections
Tuberculosis
Hepatitis B and C
Immune restoration and reconstitution
Role of adjunct therapies
Psychosocial support
4. Immunological Techniques and Assays
First Page
6. Autoimmune Diseases