Fluid Dynamics

1. Fluid Dynamics in Nature
   1. Atmospheric Dynamics
      1. Cyclones and Anticyclones
         1. Formation Mechanisms
         2. Impact on Weather Patterns
         3. Cyclogenesis and Decay Processes
         4. Differences Between Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones
         5. Anticyclonic Blocking and Weather Stability
      2. Jet Streams
         1. Characteristics and Formation
         2. Influence on Weather Systems
         3. Role in Climate Dynamics
         4. Seasonal Variability and Shifts
         5. Interaction with Topography
   2. Oceanography
      1. Thermohaline Circulation
         1. Global Conveyor Belt Concept
         2. Role in Climate Regulation
         3. Impact on Marine Ecosystems
         4. Surface and Deep Water Formation
      2. Tidal Currents
         1. Gravitational and Centrifugal Forces
         2. Types of Tidal Patterns (Diurnal, Semidiurnal, Mixed)
         3. Effects on Coastal and Marine Environments
         4. Tidal Energy Utilization
   3. River and Estuary Dynamics
      1. River Flow Patterns and Regimes
         1. Hydrological Cycle Interaction
         2. Influence of Topography and Geology
         3. Sediment Transportation and Deposition
      2. Estuarine Circulation
         1. Salt Wedge and Well-Mixed Estuaries
         2. Tidal Effects on Estuaries
         3. Nutrient Fluxes and Eutrophication
         4. Human Impact and Pollution
   4. Glacial and Ice Sheet Flows
      1. Glacier Dynamics
         1. Movement Mechanisms (Internal Deformation, Basal Slippage)
         2. Differences Between Valley and Continental Glaciers
         3. Impact of Climate Change on Glaciation
      2. Ice Sheet Dynamics
         1. Structure and Composition
         2. Influence on Sea Level Rise
         3. Ice Streams and Surges
         4. Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions