Biotechnology

1. Applications in Medicine
   1. Biopharmaceuticals
      1. Monoclonal Antibodies
         1. Production methods and challenges
         2. Use in cancer therapy
         3. Application in autoimmune diseases
         4. Emerging technologies in monoclonal antibody development
      2. Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides
         1. Insulin synthesis advancements
         2. Enzyme replacement therapies
         3. Research in disease-specific protein therapeutics
      3. Vaccines
         1. Development of mRNA vaccines
         2. Viral vector vaccines
         3. Challenges in vaccine storage and distribution
         4. Vaccines for emerging infectious diseases
      4. Gene Therapy
         1. Viral and non-viral vectors
         2. Gene editing for inherited disorders
         3. Challenges in delivery and targeting
         4. Safety and long-term effects considerations
   2. Diagnostics
      1. Biomarkers and Biosensors
         1. Role in early disease detection
         2. Development of novel biosensing technologies
         3. Non-invasive monitoring techniques
      2. Genomic and Proteomic Analysis
         1. Sequencing technologies in diagnostics
         2. Personalized medicine through genomics
         3. Role of proteomics in identifying biomarkers
         4. Integration of multi-omics data in medical diagnostics
      3. Point-of-Care Testing
         1. Development and deployment in rural areas
         2. Cost-effective diagnostic solutions
         3. Impact on global health management
   3. Regenerative Medicine
      1. Stem Cell Therapy
         1. Types of stem cells used in therapy
         2. Applications in neurodegenerative diseases
         3. Ethical considerations and regulatory landscape
         4. Advances in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)
      2. Tissue Engineering
         1. Bioprinting of tissues and organs
         2. Scaffold materials and biocompatibility
         3. Clinical applications in skin and bone regeneration
         4. Overcoming vascularization challenges in engineered tissues
      3. Organ Transplantation Technology
         1. Organ preservation and transportation innovations
         2. Xenotransplantation and its potential
         3. Immunomodulation strategies to reduce rejection
         4. Advances in bioartificial organ development
   4. Precision Medicine
      1. Role of genomics in individualized treatment plans
      2. Integration of pharmacogenomics in drug therapy
      3. Data analytics and AI in identifying patient-specific therapies
      4. Challenges in implementing precision medicine at scale
   5. Advanced Imaging Techniques
      1. Development of high-resolution imaging technologies
      2. Use of imaging in precision diagnostics and surgery
      3. Real-time imaging and its applications in medical procedures
      4. Innovations in imaging contrast agents and modalities