Dissipative system
A dissipative system is a thermodynamically open system which is operating out of, and often far from, thermodynamic equilibrium in an environment with which it exchanges energy and matter. A tornado
Cascade refrigeration
A cascade refrigeration cycle is a multi-stage thermodynamic cycle. An example two-stage process is shown at right. (Bottom on mobile) The cascade cycle is often employed for devices such as ULT freez
Immersion chiller
Immersion chillers work by circulating a cooling fluid (usually tap water from a garden hose or faucet) through a copper/stainless steel coil that is placed directly in the hot wort. As the cooling fl
Thermodynamic system
A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation, confined in space by walls, with defined permeabilities, which separate it from its surroundings. The surroundings may include other thermo
Thermogravitational cycle
A thermogravitational cycle is a reversible thermodynamic cycle using the gravitational works of weight and buoyancy to respectively compress and expand a working fluid.
Conservation law
In physics, a conservation law states that a particular measurable property of an isolated physical system does not change as the system evolves over time. Exact conservation laws include conservation
Open system (systems theory)
An open system is a system that has external interactions. Such interactions can take the form of information, energy, or material transfers into or out of the system boundary, depending on the discip
Environment (systems)
In science and engineering, a system is the part of the universe that is being studied, while the environment is the remainder of the universe that lies outside the boundaries of the system. It is als
Mechanically isolated system
In thermodynamics, a mechanically isolated system is a system that is mechanically constraint to disallow deformations, so that it cannot perform any work on its environment. It may however, exchange
Thermally isolated system
In thermodynamics, a thermally isolated system can exchange no mass or heat energy with its environment. The internal energy of a thermally isolated system may therefore change due to the exchange of
Thermodynamic process
Classical thermodynamics considers three main kinds of thermodynamic process: (1) changes in a system, (2) cycles in a system, and (3) flow processes. (1)A Thermodynamic process is a process in which
Magnetic Thermodynamic Systems
In thermodynamics and thermal physics, the theoretical formulation of magnetic systems entails expressing the behavior of the systems using the Laws of Thermodynamics. Common magnetic systems examined
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of thermodynamics. It is an internal state of a single thermodynamic system, or a relation between several thermodynamic systems connected by more or
Closed system
A closed system is a natural physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out of the system, although — in contexts such as physics, chemistry or engineering — the transfer of energy (
Thermodynamic cycle
A thermodynamic cycle consists of a linked sequence of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state v
Isolated system
In physical science, an isolated system is either of the following: 1.
* a physical system so far removed from other systems that it does not interact with them. 2.
* a thermodynamic system enclosed
Adiabatic accessibility
Adiabatic accessibility denotes a certain relation between two equilibrium states of a thermodynamic system (or of different such systems). The concept was coined by Constantin Carathéodory in 1909 ("