Hermite reciprocity
In mathematics, Hermite's law of reciprocity, introduced by Hermite, states that the degree m covariants of a binary form of degree n correspond to the degree n covariants of a binary form of degree m
Quippian
In mathematics, a quippian is a degree 5 class 3 contravariant of a plane cubic introduced by Arthur Cayley and discussed by Igor Dolgachev . In the same paper Cayley also introduced another similar i
The Classical Groups
The Classical Groups: Their Invariants and Representations is a mathematics book by Hermann Weyl, which describes classical invariant theory in terms of representation theory. It is largely responsibl
Geometric invariant theory
In mathematics, geometric invariant theory (or GIT) is a method for constructing quotients by group actions in algebraic geometry, used to construct moduli spaces. It was developed by David Mumford in
Ternary quartic
In mathematics, a ternary quartic form is a degree 4 homogeneous polynomial in three variables.
Transvectant
In mathematical invariant theory, a transvectant is an invariant formed from n invariants in n variables using Cayley's Ω process.
Hall algebra
In mathematics, the Hall algebra is an associative algebra with a basis corresponding to isomorphism classes of finite abelian p-groups. It was first discussed by but forgotten until it was rediscover
Reynolds operator
In fluid dynamics and invariant theory, a Reynolds operator is a mathematical operator given by averaging something over a group action, satisfying a set of properties called Reynolds rules. In fluid
Gram's theorem
In mathematics, Gram's theorem states that an algebraic set in a finite-dimensional vector space invariant under some linear group can be defined by absolute invariants. (Dieudonné & Carrell , p. 31).
Capelli's identity
In mathematics, Capelli's identity, named after Alfredo Capelli, is an analogue of the formula det(AB) = det(A) det(B), for certain matrices with noncommuting entries, related to the representation th
Symbolic method
In mathematics, the symbolic method in invariant theory is an algorithm developed by Arthur Cayley, Siegfried Heinrich Aronhold, Alfred Clebsch, and Paul Gordan in the 19th century for computing invar
Perpetuant
In mathematical invariant theory, a perpetuant is informally an irreducible covariant of a form or infinite degree. More precisely, the dimension of the space of irreducible covariants of given degree
Invariant estimator
In statistics, the concept of being an invariant estimator is a criterion that can be used to compare the properties of different estimators for the same quantity. It is a way of formalising the idea
Covariant (invariant theory)
In invariant theory, a branch of algebra, given a group G, a covariant is a G-equivariant polynomial map between linear representations V, W of G. It is a generalization of a classical convariant, whi
Hilbert–Mumford criterion
In mathematics, the Hilbert–Mumford criterion, introduced by David Hilbert and David Mumford, characterizes the semistable and stable points of a group action on a vector space in terms of eigenvalues
Littlewood–Richardson rule
In mathematics, the Littlewood–Richardson rule is a combinatorial description of the coefficients that arise when decomposing a product of two Schur functions as a linear combination of other Schur fu
Newton's identities
In mathematics, Newton's identities, also known as the Girard–Newton formulae, give relations between two types of symmetric polynomials, namely between power sums and elementary symmetric polynomials
Chevalley–Shephard–Todd theorem
In mathematics, the Chevalley–Shephard–Todd theorem in invariant theory of finite groups states that the ring of invariants of a finite group acting on a complex vector space is a polynomial ring if a
Radical polynomial
In mathematics, in the realm of abstract algebra, a radial polynomial is a multivariate polynomial over a field that can be expressed as a polynomial in the sum of squares of the variables. That is, i
Riemann invariant
Riemann invariants are mathematical transformations made on a system of conservation equations to make them more easily solvable. Riemann invariants are constant along the characteristic curves of the
Catalecticant
In mathematical invariant theory, the catalecticant of a form of even degree is a polynomial in its coefficients that vanishes when the form is a sum of an unusually small number of powers of linear f
Haboush's theorem
In mathematics Haboush's theorem, often still referred to as the Mumford conjecture, states that for any semisimple algebraic group G over a field K, and for any linear representation ρ of G on a K-ve
Invariant theory
Invariant theory is a branch of abstract algebra dealing with actions of groups on algebraic varieties, such as vector spaces, from the point of view of their effect on functions. Classically, the the
Molien's formula
In mathematics, Molien's formula computes the generating function attached to a linear representation of a group G on a finite-dimensional vector space, that counts the homogeneous polynomials of a gi
Evectant
In mathematical invariant theory, an evectant is a contravariant constructed from an invariant by acting on it with a differential operator called an evector. Evectants and evectors were introduced by
Glossary of invariant theory
This page is a glossary of terms in invariant theory. For descriptions of particular invariant rings, see invariants of a binary form, symmetric polynomials. For geometric terms used in invariant theo
Kostant polynomial
In mathematics, the Kostant polynomials, named after Bertram Kostant, provide an explicit basis of the ring of polynomials over the ring of polynomials invariant under the finite reflection group of a
Zariski's finiteness theorem
In algebra, Zariski's finiteness theorem gives a positive answer to Hilbert's 14th problem for the polynomial ring in two variables, as a special case. Precisely, it states: Given a normal domain A, f
Polynomial ring
In mathematics, especially in the field of algebra, a polynomial ring or polynomial algebra is a ring (which is also a commutative algebra) formed from the set of polynomials in one or more indetermin
Canonizant
In mathematical invariant theory, the canonizant or canonisant is a covariant of forms related to a canonical form for them.
Chevalley–Iwahori–Nagata theorem
In mathematics, the Chevalley–Iwahori–Nagata theorem states that if a linear algebraic group G is acting linearly on a finite-dimensional vector space V, then the map from V/G to the spectrum of the r
Invariants of tensors
In mathematics, in the fields of multilinear algebra and representation theory, the principal invariants of the second rank tensor are the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial , where is the
Ring of symmetric functions
In algebra and in particular in algebraic combinatorics, the ring of symmetric functions is a specific limit of the rings of symmetric polynomials in n indeterminates, as n goes to infinity. This ring
Modular invariant theory
In mathematics, a modular invariant of a group is an invariant of a finite group acting on a vector space of positive characteristic (usually dividing the order of the group). The study of modular inv
Hilbert's syzygy theorem
In mathematics, Hilbert's syzygy theorem is one of the three fundamental theorems about polynomial rings over fields, first proved by David Hilbert in 1890, which were introduced for solving important
Hilbert's basis theorem
In mathematics, specifically commutative algebra, Hilbert's basis theorem says that a polynomial ring over a Noetherian ring is Noetherian.
Bracket ring
In mathematics invariant theory, the bracket ring is the subring of the ring of polynomials k[x11,...,xdn] generated by the d-by-d minors of a generic d-by-n matrix (xij). The bracket ring may be rega
Hilbert's fourteenth problem
In mathematics, Hilbert's fourteenth problem, that is, number 14 of Hilbert's problems proposed in 1900, asks whether certain algebras are finitely generated. The setting is as follows: Assume that k
Hodge bundle
In mathematics, the Hodge bundle, named after W. V. D. Hodge, appears in the study of families of curves, where it provides an invariant in the moduli theory of algebraic curves. Furthermore, it has a
Quantum invariant
In the mathematical field of knot theory, a quantum knot invariant or quantum invariant of a knot or link is a linear sum of colored Jones polynomial of surgery presentations of the knot complement.
Ternary cubic
In mathematics, a ternary cubic form is a homogeneous degree 3 polynomial in three variables.
Vermeil's theorem
In differential geometry, Vermeil's theorem essentially states that the scalar curvature is the only (non-trivial) absolute invariant among those of prescribed type suitable for Albert Einstein’s theo
Quaternary cubic
In mathematics, a quaternary cubic form is a degree 3 homogeneous polynomial in four variables. The zeros form a cubic surface in 3-dimensional projective space.
Nullform
In mathematics, a nullform of a vector space acted on linearly by a group is a vector on which all invariants of the group vanish. Nullforms were introduced by Hilbert. (Dieudonné & Carrell , , p.57).
Osculant
In mathematical invariant theory, the osculant or tacinvariant or tact invariant is an invariant of a hypersurface that vanishes if the hypersurface touches itself, or an invariant of several hypersur
Invariant of a binary form
In mathematical invariant theory, an invariant of a binary form is a polynomial in the coefficients of a binary form in two variables x and y that remains invariant under the special linear group acti
Standard monomial theory
In algebraic geometry, standard monomial theory describes the sections of a line bundle over a generalized flag variety or Schubert variety of a reductive algebraic group by giving an explicit basis o
Differential invariant
In mathematics, a differential invariant is an invariant for the action of a Lie group on a space that involves the derivatives of graphs of functions in the space. Differential invariants are fundame
Moduli space
In mathematics, in particular algebraic geometry, a moduli space is a geometric space (usually a scheme or an algebraic stack) whose points represent algebro-geometric objects of some fixed kind, or i
Semi-invariant of a quiver
In mathematics, given a quiver Q with set of vertices Q0 and set of arrows Q1, a representation of Q assigns a vector space Vi to each vertex and a linear map V(α): V(s(α)) → V(t(α)) to each arrow α,
Hesse's principle of transfer
In geometry, Hesse's principle of transfer (German: Übertragungsprinzip) states that if the points of the projective line P1 are depicted by a rational normal curve in Pn, then the group of the projec
Cayley's Ω process
In mathematics, Cayley's Ω process, introduced by Arthur Cayley, is a relatively invariant differential operator on the general linear group, that is used to construct invariants of a group action. As
Gröbner basis
In mathematics, and more specifically in computer algebra, computational algebraic geometry, and computational commutative algebra, a Gröbner basis is a particular kind of generating set of an ideal i
Kempf–Ness theorem
In algebraic geometry, the Kempf–Ness theorem, introduced by George Kempf and Linda Ness, gives a criterion for the stability of a vector in a representation of a complex reductive group. If the compl
Bracket algebra
In mathematics, a bracket algebra is an algebraic system that connects the notion of a supersymmetry algebra with a symbolic representation of projective invariants. Given that L is a proper signed al
Invariant polynomial
In mathematics, an invariant polynomial is a polynomial that is invariant under a group acting on a vector space . Therefore, is a -invariant polynomial if for all and . Cases of particular importance
Trace identity
In mathematics, a trace identity is any equation involving the trace of a matrix.
Schur polynomial
In mathematics, Schur polynomials, named after Issai Schur, are certain symmetric polynomials in n variables, indexed by partitions, that generalize the elementary symmetric polynomials and the comple
Young–Deruyts development
In mathematics, the Young–Deruyts development is a method of writing invariants of an action of a group on an n-dimensional vector space Vin terms of invariants depending on at most n–1 vectors (Dieud