Recreational mathematics | Combinatorial game theory | Mathematical games

Sylver coinage

Sylver coinage is a mathematical game for two players, invented by John H. Conway. It is discussed in chapter 18 ofWinning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays. This article summarizes that chapter. The two players take turns naming positive integers greater than 1 that are not the sum of nonnegative multiples of previously named integers. The player who cannot name such a number loses. For instance, if player A opens with 2, B can win by naming 3. Sylver coinage is named afterJames Joseph Sylvester, who proved that if a and bare relatively prime positive integers, then (a − 1)(b − 1) − 1 is the largest number that is not a sum of nonnegative multiples of a and b. Thus, if a and b are the first two moves in a game of sylver coinage, this formula gives the largest number that can still be played. More generally, ifthe greatest common divisor of the moves played so far is g, then only finitely many multiples of g can remain to be played, and after they are all played then g must decrease on the next move. Therefore, every game of sylver coinage must eventually end. When a sylver coinage game has only a finite number of remaining moves, the largest number that can still be played is called the Frobenius number, and finding this number is called the coin problem. (Wikipedia).

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Related pages

Dickson's lemma | Prime number | Danzer set | Conway's 99-graph problem | Greatest common divisor | On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences | Mathematical game | Finite set | Numerical semigroup | James Joseph Sylvester | Thrackle | Strategy-stealing argument | Coin problem | Smooth number | Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays