In cryptography, security (engineering) protocol notation, also known as protocol narrations and Alice & Bob notation, is a way of expressing a protocol of correspondence between entities of a dynamic system, such as a computer network. In the context of a formal model, it allows reasoning about the properties of such a system. The standard notation consists of a set of principals (traditionally named Alice, Bob, Charlie, and so on) who wish to communicate. They may have access to a server S, shared keys K, timestamps T, and can generate nonces N for authentication purposes. A simple example might be the following: This states that Alice intends a message for Bob consisting of a plaintext X encrypted under shared key KA,B. Another example might be the following: This states that Bob intends a message for Alice consisting of a nonce NB encrypted using public key of Alice. A key with two subscripts, KA,B, is a symmetric key shared by the two corresponding individuals. A key with one subscript, KA, is the public key of the corresponding individual. A private key is represented as the inverse of the public key. The notation specifies only the operation and not its semantics โ for instance, private key encryption and signature are represented identically. We can express more complicated protocols in such a fashion. See Kerberos as an example. Some sources refer to this notation as Kerberos Notation. Some authors consider the notation used by Steiner, Neuman, & Schiller as a notable reference. Several models exist to reason about security protocols in this way, one of which is BAN logic. Security protocol notation inspired many of the programming languages used in choreographic programming. (Wikipedia).
What is the definition of scientific notation
๐ Learn about scientific notations. Scientific notation is a convenient way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number written in scientific notation is of the form a * 10^n where a is the first non-zero number between 1 and 10, (1 included) and n is the number of digits up to t
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Raising a scientific number to the third power
๐ Learn how to multiply numbers written in scientific notations. Scientific notation is a convenient way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number written in scientific notation is of the form a * 10^n where a is the first non-zero number between 1 and 10, (1 included) and n is
From playlist Scientific Notation
Determine the product of two very large numbers by converting to scientific notation
๐ Learn how to multiply numbers written in scientific notations. Scientific notation is a convenient way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number written in scientific notation is of the form a * 10^n where a is the first non-zero number between 1 and 10, (1 included) and n is
From playlist Scientific Notation
Dividing two numbers in scientific notation then rewriting answer in scientific notation
๐ Learn how to divide numbers written in scientific notations. Scientific notation is a convenient way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number written in scientific notation is of the form a * 10^n where a is the first non-zero number between 1 and 10, (1 included) and n is t
From playlist Scientific Notation
Converting a number to scientific notation
๐ Learn how to convert numbers to scientific notations. Scientific notation is a convenient way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number written in scientific notation is of the form a * 10^n where a is the first non-zero number between 1 and 10, (1 included) and n is the numb
From playlist Scientific Notation
Multiplying in scientific notation with negative exponents
๐ Learn how to multiply numbers written in scientific notations. Scientific notation is a convenient way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number written in scientific notation is of the form a * 10^n where a is the first non-zero number between 1 and 10, (1 included) and n is
From playlist Scientific Notation
Dominique Unruh - The quantum random oracle model Part 1 of 2 - IPAM at UCLA
Recorded 28 July 2022. Dominique Unruh of Tartu State University presents "The quantum random oracle model I" at IPAM's Graduate Summer School Post-quantum and Quantum Cryptography. Abstract: The random oracle is a popular heuristic in classical security proofs that allows us to construct
From playlist 2022 Graduate Summer School on Post-quantum and Quantum Cryptography
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Identify the Symbols in Statistics
Please Subscribe here, thank you!!! https://goo.gl/JQ8Nys Identify the Symbols in Statistics
From playlist Statistics
Anne Broadbent - Information-Theoretic Quantum Cryptography Part 1 of 2 - IPAM at UCLA
Recorded 27 July 2022. Anne Broadbent of the University of Ottawa presents "Information-Theoretic Quantum Cryptography" at IPAM's Graduate Summer School Post-quantum and Quantum Cryptography. Abstract: These lectures are an introduction to the interplay between quantum information and cryp
From playlist 2022 Graduate Summer School on Post-quantum and Quantum Cryptography
Jonathan Katz - Introduction to Cryptography Part 3 of 3 - IPAM at UCLA
Recorded 25 July 2022. Jonathan Katz of the University of Maryland presents "Introduction to Cryptography III" at IPAM's Graduate Summer School Post-quantum and Quantum Cryptography. Abstract: This lecture will introduce the notions of zero-knowledge proofs, proofs of knowledge, and secure
From playlist 2022 Graduate Summer School on Post-quantum and Quantum Cryptography
Multiplying numbers in scientific notation
๐ Learn how to multiply numbers written in scientific notations. Scientific notation is a convenient way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number written in scientific notation is of the form a * 10^n where a is the first non-zero number between 1 and 10, (1 included) and n is
From playlist Scientific Notation
Foundational Aspects of Blockchain Protocols (Lecture 1) by Juan Garay
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From playlist Foundational Aspects of Blockchain Technology 2020
Finding product of two numbers when they are in scientific notation
๐ Learn how to multiply numbers written in scientific notations. Scientific notation is a convenient way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number written in scientific notation is of the form a * 10^n where a is the first non-zero number between 1 and 10, (1 included) and n is
From playlist Scientific Notation
Nexus Trimester - Manoj Prabhakaran (University of Illinois) - 2/2
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Dividing two numbers in scientific notation
๐ Learn how to divide numbers written in scientific notations. Scientific notation is a convenient way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number written in scientific notation is of the form a * 10^n where a is the first non-zero number between 1 and 10, (1 included) and n is t
From playlist Scientific Notation
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