In a cellular automaton a puffer train, or simply puffer, is a finite pattern that moves itself across the "universe", leaving debris behind. Thus a pattern consisting of only a puffer will grow arbitrarily large over time. While both puffers and spaceships have periods and speeds, unlike puffers, spaceships do not leave debris behind. The period of a puffer can be considered as the combination of two periods; the first is the period of the puffer itself, while the second is the apparent period of the pattern of debris produced. This is often the same as the period of the puffer, but sometimes is a factor of the period. A puffer for which the apparent period deduced from the debris is smaller than the period of the engine is a pseudoperiod puffer. Such puffers are typically produced by artificial means. A true period puffer is one in which the period of the debris matches that of the puffer. Puffers are divided into two classes, dirty puffers and clean puffers. While there is no precise distinction, a dirty puffer is one in which there is little apparent order in the debris (although the debris will still eventually be periodic). A clean puffer, conversely, has a small amount of debris that appears much more organized. A dirty puffer can sometimes be turned into a clean puffer by adding spaceships of the same velocity as the puffer that affect what debris results. A puffer whose debris consists entirely of spaceships is called a rake. (Wikipedia).
A Short Video About The USATC S160s
The quick-and-dirty engines that fought a war. https://www.patreon.com/jagohazzard
From playlist Jago’s Trains
Jago’s Trains: Frankenshunter!
A silly little project to build an engine out of bits of other engines. An introduction to the wonderful world of bodging.
From playlist Jago’s Trains
The Paris-Moscow Express video guide
A brief guide to the Paris to Moscow train run by RZD (Russian Railways), showing the sleeping-cars, the VIP deluxe sleeping-cars and restaurant car. For train times, fares & how to buy tickets see https://www.seat61.com/paris-moscow-express.htm The train links Paris & Moscow all year ro
From playlist Sleeper trains
Harz Railway Part 1: Nordhausen to Brocken
A train ride from Nordhausen to Brocken on the Harzer Schmalspur Bahnen (Harz Railway), showing the train, stations and scenery. For more information see https://www.seat61.com/places-of-interest/by-harz-railway-to-the-brocken.htm See Part 2, Brocken to Wernigerode, at https://youtu.be/F
From playlist Train Travel In Europe
Pufferfish are best known for their ability to inflate like a balloon. But if you peer inside, you typically won’t find air. You’ll find water, not to mention an accordion-like stomach, a unique set of muscles for pumping, and a poison that’s up to 1,200 times more toxic than cyanide. MOR
From playlist Animal Science
Indian Railways Best Advertisement
This is one of the Indian Railways Best Advertisement Watch & Share :)
From playlist We are like this only
What's Inside These 8 Unique Creatures?
Every species on earth has uniquely evolved and adapted to its environment. But some of them have taken it one step further and developed incredible evolutionary traits. From the blistering desert and a camel's hump to the expansive ocean and a turtles shell or maybe it's a venus fly traps
From playlist What's Inside
Fastest Train 574 km/h - watch the top left speed
Video of a train speed test in France
From playlist Trains
Video guide to the Vienna-Cologne EuroNight train
For more information & tickets see http://www.seat61.com/train-from-cologne-to-vienna.htm A video guide to the Vienna to Cologne Austrian Railways EuroNight train, showing deluxe sleeper, standard sleeper & couchettes. This train has now been superseded by a Nightjet sleeper train with m
From playlist Sleeper trains
Eurofighter Typhoon: Greatest Military Aircraft Of All Time? | The Ultimates: Strike Planes | Spark
An exploration of extreme speed and power, focusing on the scientific research behind notorious war-time explosions, the worst collisions in sports car history, supersonic trains, thrill rides, strike planes, and attack helicopters. Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech & engi
From playlist The Science Of Planes
Self Inflating Fish | Freaks of Nature
Is it a water balloon? A fish? A poisonous pill? It's all three actually. Click and see why. ➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe About National Geographic: National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scie
From playlist Oceans | National Geographic
How Dogs Really Listen to Us, and How Pufferfish Puff
This week on SciShow News: Animals! New research has found how dogs actually listen to us in more complex ways than you probably thought, and also figured out how a kind of pufferfish gets its puff up. Made with support from littleBits. Go to http://littlebits.cc/ and use the promotion co
From playlist Uploads
Dolphins Play Catch with a Pufferfish! | Spy In The Wild | BBC Earth
Who needs a volleyball when a pufferfish will do just fine? Subscribe: http://bit.ly/BBCEarthSub Watch more: Planet Earth http://bit.ly/PlanetEarthPlaylist Blue Planet http://bit.ly/BluePlanetPlaylist Planet Earth II http://bit.ly/PlanetEarthIIPlaylist Planet Dinosaur http://bit.ly/
From playlist New On Earth: Wildlife, Nature and Science Documentaries
Eating Poison Fish | National Geographic
The puffer fish is a very expensive dish to eat...but watch out, it can kill you. ➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe #NationalGeographic #PufferFish #Fugu About National Geographic: National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Th
From playlist Oceans | National Geographic
Best of Wild Animals Caught on Spy Cam | BBC Earth
From monkeys mourning a "dead baby", to lion cubs playing and boisterous bears, our Spy Cameras have been able to capture some truly magical moments on their undercover adventures. Join us as we share some of our favourite interactions from the natural world - all caught on Spy Cam! Subscr
From playlist New On Earth: Wildlife, Nature and Science Documentaries
The Connecting Europe Express: Frankfurt to Berlin
The Connecting Europe Express was a special train which travelled 20,000 km across 26 countries promoting rail's potential in the EU Year of Rail, 2021. I joined the train between Frankfurt, Leipzig & Berlin. The train is composed of a sleeping-car from ÖBB, a panorama car from SBB, rest
From playlist Train Travel In Europe
You Don't Want To Touch a Tenrec
Stylish hair may not be the best survival strategy, but weaponized hair? That’s another story. If you'd like to learn more about the world, go to https://brilliant.org/Animalogic The first 200 Animalogic viewers will get 20% off of their Brilliant Premium subscription. Support Animalog
From playlist Animalogic: Second Nature
Jago’s Trains: The Hornby 4-wheel coach analysed
The Hornby 4-wheel coach is much maligned by serious modellers, but is it really so bad? https://www.patreon.com/jagohazzard
From playlist Jago’s Trains
The Extraordinary King of Luxury Fashion
To outsiders, luxury fashion is a curious industry where consumers seem to irrationally shell out hundreds and thousands of dollars for sneakers, handbags, wallets, or T-shirts. But take a step inside, and you’ll find the world of high fashion is more like Game of Thrones with Italian, E
From playlist Season 1