Optogenetics is a biological technique to control the activity of neurons or other cell types with light. This is achieved by expression of light-sensitive ion channels, pumps or enzymes specifically in the target cells. On the level of individual cells, light-activated enzymes and transcription factors allow precise control of biochemical signaling pathways. In systems neuroscience, the ability to control the activity of a genetically defined set of neurons has been used to understand their contribution to decision making, learning, fear memory, mating, addiction, feeding, and locomotion. In a first medical application of optogenetic technology, vision was partially restored in a blind patient. Optogenetic techniques have also been introduced to map the functional connectivity of the brain. By altering the activity of genetically labelled neurons with light and using imaging and electrophysiology techniques to record the activity of other cells, researchers can identify the statistical dependencies between cells and brain regions. In a broader sense, optogenetics also includes methods to record cellular activity with genetically encoded indicators. In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the "Method of the Year" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on "Breakthroughs of the Decade" in the academic research journal Science. (Wikipedia).
Method of the Year 2010: Optogenetics - by Nature Video
This video shows how scientists can control the behaviour of cells simply by switching on a light. The technique, known as optogenetics, is teaching us about everything from how we wake up to how we learn. That's why Nature Methods has named optogenetics as its Method of the Year 2010.
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First Ever Use of Optogenetics in Humans Allows Blind Man to See
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Karl Deisseroth Optogenetics Controlling the Brain with Light
Karl Deisseroth, PhD, MD, is a bioengineer and a psychiatrist at Stanford who has developed a breakthrough research tool that is allowing scientists studying the brain an unprecedented degree of control over brain cells by making the cells sensitive to different colors of light. Using fibe
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OptiKey - free, open-source assistive on-screen keyboard (v2.0.5) *** If you would like to sponsor this project and help me dedicate more time to OptiKey please visit: https://www.patreon.com/OptiKey *** OptiKey is an assistive on-screen keyboard which runs on Windows. I wrote it to be u
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As we know from our understanding of microbiology, pathogens are everywhere. So why don't we get sick all the time? And what are allergies, why do some people have them and others don't? And what are vaccines, how do those work? All of these questions can be answered by learning about the
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Optogenetics and Enhancing Brain Functions-A World Economic Forum Discussion-Ideas @Davos-WIRED
With optogenetics, the ability to restore and enhance brain function is becoming a reality. In this World Economic Forum discussion, Nature magazine neuroscience editor I-han Chou explains how the radical method works and the ethical issues it could cause. Still haven’t subscribed to WIR
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Engineering the Brain: Deploying a New Neural Toolkit
A new generation of technology is revolutionizing neuroscience, allowing a closer study of the brain than had ever seemed possible. The techniques are hybrids of optics, genetics, and synthetic biology with the ability to manipulate brain activity, often in real time. Through direct stimul
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Can we switch our brains on and off? | Sci Guide (Ep 33) | Head Squeeze
Jonathan Webb looks at how we can switch our brains on and off and if we can switch off genetic illnesses. Links Amazing Brain facts: http://youtu.be/1Mwzc0884gc Oxbridge biotech on Optogenetics: http://www.oxbridgebiotech.com/review/science-basics/optogenetics-lighting-up-the-brain/
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Optogenetics - light gets on your nerves
German version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Tmvz2iRGtA Nerve cells, which can be switched on and off with light – this is possible through optogenetics. Ernst Bamberg at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt is working on improving this technology further to ensure that
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Scientists have developed a new way to activate neurons in the brain, which brings us one step closer to being able to program those big, meaty computers on top of our necks. Hosted by: Hank Green ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Shining a light on the brain | The Royal Society
The brain is the most complex organ in the human body and the intricate systems and interactions within enable us to sense, feel, think and do. Being able to map these networks and the billions of connections that form them is key to unlocking the secrets of the brain. Professor Ed Boyden
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Implantable Optoelectronic and Microfluidic Systems for Neuroscience
Professor John Rogers, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, discusses how the successful integration of optoelectronic and microfluidic systems with the brain has the potential to accelerate basic scientific discoveries and their translation into clinical
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