Cryptographic attacks

Length extension attack

In cryptography and computer security, a length extension attack is a type of attack where an attacker can use Hash(message1) and the length of message1 to calculate Hash(message1 ‖ message2) for an attacker-controlled message2, without needing to know the content of message1. This is problematic when the hash is used as a message authentication code with construction Hash(secret ‖ message), and message and the length of secret is known, because an attacker can include extra information at the end of the message and produce a valid hash without knowing the secret. Algorithms like MD5, SHA-1 and most of SHA-2 that are based on the Merkle–Damgård construction are susceptible to this kind of attack. Truncated versions of SHA-2, including SHA-384 and SHA-512/256 are not susceptible, nor is the SHA-3 algorithm.HMAC also uses a different construction and so is not vulnerable to length extension attacks. (Wikipedia).

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Related pages

SHA-1 | HMAC | Hash function | SHA-2 | Replay attack | Message authentication code | Computer security | MD5 | Padding (cryptography) | SHA-3 | Cryptography | Merkle–Damgård construction