Quantum information theory | Quantum measurement | Quantum information science | Quantum computing
In quantum computing, classical shadow is a protocol for predicting functions of a quantum state using only a logarithmic number of measurements. Given an unknown state , a tomographically complete set of gates (e.g Clifford gates), a set of observables and a quantum channel (defined by randomly sampling from , applying it to and measuring the resulting state); predict the expectation values . A list of classical shadows is created using , and by running a Shadow generation algorithm. When predicting the properties of , a Median-of-means estimation algorithm is used to deal with the outliers in . Classical shadow is useful for direct fidelity estimation, entanglement verification, estimating correlation functions, and predicting entanglement entropy. Recently, researchers have built on classical shadow to devise provably efficient classical machine learning algorithms for a wide range of quantum many-body problems. For example, machine learning models could learn to solve ground states of quantum many-body systems and classify quantum phases of matter. Algorithm Shadow generationInputs copies of an unknown -qubit state A list of unitaries that is tomographically complete A classical description of a quantum channel 1. * For ranging from to : 2. 1. * Choose a random unitary from 3. 2. * Apply to to get a state 4. 3. * Perform a computational basis measurement on for an outcome 5. 4. * Classically compute and add it to a list Return * "←" denotes assignment. For instance, "largest ← item" means that the value of largest changes to the value of item. * "return" terminates the algorithm and outputs the following value.Algorithm Median-of-means estimationInputs A list of observables A classical shadow A positive integer that specifies how many linear estimates of to calculate. Return A list where where and where . * "←" denotes assignment. For instance, "largest ← item" means that the value of largest changes to the value of item. * "return" terminates the algorithm and outputs the following value. (Wikipedia).
Classical music remix electro instrumental
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From playlist Study and Revsion music playlist - focus and excel!
Identify the spectral lines of Mercury light by a coarse diffraction grating
Enjoy! Music: https://www.bensound.com/royalty-free-music
From playlist Optics
What is Light? Maxwell and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Up until a couple centuries ago, we had no idea what light is. It seems like magic, no? But there is no magic in this world, really. Just stuff we don't understand. So let's understand light a little better right now, through James Clerk Maxwell and the electromagnetic spectrum. Watch the
From playlist Classical Physics
How to Get Classical Physics from Quantum Mechanics
We tend to think of Classical Physics as straightforward and intuitive and Quantum Mechanics as difficult and conceptually challenging. However, this is not always the case! In classical mechanics, a standard technique for finding the evolution equations for a system is the method of least
From playlist Quantum Mechanics
What is a Shadow? | Don't Memorise
How can we describe a shadow? Is it just a spot of darkness? Yes that's correct! It is just a spot of darkness where the light is blocked by object(s)! To know more about it watch the entire video! To access all videos related to Shadows, enroll in our full course now: https://infinityle
From playlist Physics
What is color? What is it that determines the color of an object? And what the heck is refraction? Good thing we just learned about electromagnetic radiation! Especially the visible spectrum. Let's take a look. Watch the whole Classical Physics playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1 Mo
From playlist Classical Physics
LIGHT shadow (stereographic projection)
Stereographic projection spheres available at https://www.shapeways.com/shops/henryseg?section=Stereographic+Projection
From playlist 3D printing
Are You Romantic or Classical?
The words 'Romantic' and 'Classical' usefully bring into focus important themes in our personalities. We're all both, but which are you a little more of? If you like our films take a look at our shop (we ship worldwide): http://www.theschooloflife.com/shop/all/ SUBSCRIBE to our channel for
From playlist RELATIONSHIPS
Newton's cradles / easy and simple demo
This Newton's Cradle is one of the most incredible physics toys ever made. Named after Sir Isaac Newton and his Third Law of Motion.
From playlist Classical mechanics
Invariant Measures for Non-autonomous systems.... by Sergey Kryzhevich
PROGRAM SMOOTH AND HOMOGENEOUS DYNAMICS ORGANIZERS: Anish Ghosh, Stefano Luzzatto and Marcelo Viana DATE: 23 September 2019 to 04 October 2019 VENUE: Ramanujan Lecture Hall, ICTS Bangalore Ergodic theory has its origins in the the work of L. Boltzmann on the kinetic theory of gases.
From playlist Smooth And Homogeneous Dynamics
ART HISTORY and DRAWING: 15 MINUTES with ALBRECHT DURER
Marc spends 15 minutes with ALBRECHT DURER, Northern Renaissance master, (1471-1528).
From playlist ART HISTORY & DRAWING
ART HISTORY and DRAWING: 15 MINUTES with Jacques-Louis DAVID
Marc spends 15 minutes withe the drawings of Neo-Classical painter Jacques-Louis David, (1748-1825).
From playlist ART HISTORY & DRAWING
ART HISTORY & DRAWING: 15 MINUTES with RAFFAEL
Marc discusses the drawing works of Raffael Sanzio (1483-1520)
From playlist ART HISTORY & DRAWING
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Marc discusses drawings from Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696-1770).
From playlist ART HISTORY & DRAWING
Calculus 1 - Derivatives and Related Rates (10 of 24) The Lamppost and the Shadow
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! I this video I will calculate how fast the length of the shadow is changing (dL/dt=?) and how fast the tip of the shadow is moving (dx(s)/dt=?). Next video in this series can be seen at: https://youtu.be/zh3MuGT-7eE
From playlist CALCULUS 1 CH 6.5 RELATED RATES
A (slightly less) brief look into the restricted 3-body problem - Agustin Moreno
Members’ Colloquium Topic: A (slightly less) brief look into the restricted 3-body problem Speaker: Agustin Moreno Affiliation: Member, School of Mathematics Date: October 25, 2021 Despite the fact that the 3-body problem is an ancient conundrum that goes back to Newton, it is remarkabl
From playlist Members’ Colloquium
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Marc discusses the drawings of Tintoretto, Italian Mannerist, 1518-1594.
From playlist ART HISTORY & DRAWING
Flash Tutorial Pt 4 : I teach you how to bounce balls and create the planet Earth in seconds. Pretty impressive. Let the Flash Animating Begin!
From playlist Flash Tutorial
An animation I put together of a helicopter flying through a mountain range. I did not create the mountain background animation.
From playlist Motion Design Portfolio