Inorganic Chemistry

1. Environmental Inorganic Chemistry
   1. Inorganics in the Environment
      1. Sources of Inorganic Pollutants
         1. Natural sources
            1. Volcanoes
            2. Mineral erosion
            3. Seawater evaporation
         2. Anthropogenic sources
            1. Industrial discharges
            2. Agricultural runoff
            3. Urban wastewater
            4. Mining activities
      2. Types of Inorganic Pollutants
         1. Heavy metals
            1. Lead
            2. Mercury
            3. Cadmium
            4. Arsenic
         2. Industrial chemicals
            1. Chlorinated solvents
            2. Inorganic acids (e.g., sulfuric acid, nitric acid)
         3. Nutrients causing eutrophication
            1. Phosphates
            2. Nitrates
      3. Impact on Ecosystems
         1. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification
         2. Toxicity in aquatic systems
         3. Soil contamination
         4. Air quality effects
            1. Particulate matter
            2. Acid rain
         5. Effects on wildlife and biodiversity
   2. Geochemical Cycles
      1. Carbon Cycle
         1. Role of inorganic carbon compounds
         2. Carbonate-silicate cycle
         3. Oceanic carbon sequestration
      2. Nitrogen Cycle
         1. Role of inorganic nitrogen compounds
         2. Nitrification and denitrification
         3. Ammonification and assimilation
      3. Sulfur Cycle
         1. Involvement of inorganic sulfur compounds
         2. Sulfur oxidation and reduction
         3. Atmospheric sulfur compounds
      4. Phosphorus Cycle
         1. Interaction with inorganic phosphorus
         2. Soil mineralization
         3. Eutrophication
   3. Green Chemistry
      1. Principles of Green Chemistry
         1. Prevention of waste
         2. Atom economy
         3. Safer solvents and auxiliary substances
         4. Energy efficiency
      2. Sustainable Synthesis
         1. Use of renewable feedstocks
         2. Catalytic processes to minimize waste
         3. Alternative energy sources (e.g., solar, wind)
      3. Remediation Techniques for Inorganic Pollutants
         1. Chemical methods
            1. Precipitation
            2. Ion exchange
            3. Adsorption
            4. Redox reactions
         2. Biological methods
            1. Phytoremediation using hyperaccumulator plants
            2. Bioremediation with microbes
            3. Constructed wetlands
         3. Physical methods
            1. Filtration
            2. Sedimentation
            3. Distillation
      4. Case Studies and Applications
         1. Cleanup of contaminated industrial sites
         2. Reduction of heavy metals in wastewater
         3. Innovative technologies using nanomaterials for pollution control
         4. Legislative and regulatory frameworks for environmental protection