Fluid Dynamics

1. Applications in Engineering and Nature
   1. Aerospace
      1. Aerodynamics of Aircraft
         1. Lift and Drag Forces
            1. Lift Generation
            2. Factors Affecting Drag
         2. Wing Design
            1. Wing Shape and Airfoil Design
            2. Aspect Ratio and Taper Ratio
         3. Control Surfaces
            1. Flaps and Ailerons
            2. Rudder and Elevators
         4. Flow Control Techniques
            1. Boundary Layer Control
            2. Vortex Generators
      2. Rocket Propulsion
         1. Types of Rocket Engines
            1. Solid Propellant Engines
            2. Liquid Propellant Engines
            3. Hybrid Engines
         2. Nozzle Design
            1. Convergent-Divergent Nozzle
            2. Thrust Optimization
         3. Flow Types in Rocket Engines
            1. Supersonic and Hypersonic Flows
            2. Shock Waves and Expansion Waves
   2. Automotive
      1. Car Aerodynamics
         1. Drag Coefficient Optimization
            1. Streamlining Vehicle Shapes
            2. Active Aerodynamics
         2. Ground Effect
            1. Influence on Stability and Control
            2. Venturi Effect Utilization
         3. Vehicle Wind Tunnels
            1. Testing Techniques
            2. Scale Models
      2. Cooling Systems
         1. Radiator Design
            1. Heat Exchange Processes
            2. Coolant Flow Dynamics
         2. Airflow Management
            1. Grille Design
            2. Fan Systems
         3. Thermoregulation in Electric Vehicles
            1. Battery Cooling
            2. Electric Motor Cooling
   3. Civil Engineering
      1. Water Supply Systems
         1. Pipe Network Design
            1. Flow Rate Calculations
            2. Pressure Loss Management
         2. Pumping Stations
            1. Types and Configurations
            2. Efficiency Improvement
      2. Sewage Flow
         1. Gravity Flow Systems
            1. Pipe Sizing
            2. Manhole Spacing
         2. Wastewater Treatment
            1. Sedimentation and Aeration
            2. Sludge Management
   4. Environmental and Earth Sciences
      1. Weather Prediction
         1. Atmospheric Modeling
            1. Mesoscale Models
            2. Global Circulation Models
         2. Importance of Wind Patterns
            1. Prevailing Winds
            2. Jet Streams
      2. Ocean Currents
         1. Surface Currents
            1. Wind-Driven Currents
            2. Gyres and Eddies
         2. Deep Ocean Circulation
            1. Thermohaline Processes
            2. Ocean Conveyor Belt
   5. Biological Systems
      1. Blood Flow
         1. Cardiovascular Dynamics
            1. Blood Viscosity Effects
            2. Shear Stress Implications
         2. Hemodynamic Models
            1. Computational Models of Blood Flow
            2. Pressure-Volume Relationship
      2. Respiratory Flows
         1. Airflow in Lungs
            1. Inspiratory and Expiratory Flows
            2. Lung Volume and Capacity
         2. Nasal and Oral Airflow
            1. Resistance in Airways
            2. Impact on Health and Disease Prevention