Databases

1. Database Security
   1. Authentication and Authorization
      1. Authentication Methods
         1. Password-Based Authentication
         2. Multi-Factor Authentication
         3. Biometric Authentication
         4. Single Sign-On (SSO)
         5. OAuth and OpenID Connect
      2. Authorization Techniques
         1. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
         2. Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)
         3. Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
         4. Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
         5. Fine-Grained Access Control
   2. Encryption
      1. Key Concepts in Encryption
         1. Symmetric Encryption
         2. Asymmetric Encryption
         3. Hash Functions
      2. At-Rest Encryption
         1. Transparent Data Encryption
         2. File-Level Encryption
         3. Full Disk Encryption
         4. Key Management Practices
      3. In-Transit Encryption
         1. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS)
         2. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
         3. Transport Layer Encryption (e.g., IPsec)
   3. Backup and Recovery Procedures
      1. Importance of Backups
      2. Types of Backups
         1. Full Backups
         2. Incremental Backups
         3. Differential Backups
      3. Backup Strategies
         1. Onsite vs. Offsite Backup
         2. Cloud-Based Backup Solutions
         3. Backup Scheduling and Automation
      4. Recovery Models
         1. Point-in-Time Recovery
         2. Transaction Log Backup
         3. Data Restoration Techniques
   4. Auditing and Monitoring
      1. Logging and Monitoring Tools
         1. Built-In DBMS Logging Features
         2. Third-Party Monitoring Solutions
         3. Real-Time Monitoring
      2. Audit Trail and Logs
         1. Importance of Audit Trails
         2. Data Access Logs
         3. Change and Configuration Logs
      3. Anomaly Detection
         1. Machine Learning in Anomaly Detection
         2. Behavioral Analytics
         3. Alert Systems and Thresholds
   5. SQL Injection and Prevention
      1. Understanding SQL Injection
         1. Common Attack Vectors
         2. Impact on Databases and Applications
      2. Prevention Techniques
         1. Input Validation
         2. Use of Prepared Statements and Parameterized Queries
         3. Escaping User Inputs
         4. Web Application Firewalls
      3. Regular Security Audits
         1. Code Review and Penetration Testing
         2. Security Patch Management
   6. Additional Database Security Measures
      1. Data Masking and Redaction
      2. Dynamic Data Masking
      3. Static Data Masking
      4. Database Firewalls
      5. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
      6. Secure Configuration Management
         1. Secure Installation and Maintenance
         2. Hardening Database Environments
      7. Securing Database Interfaces
         1. Securing APIs
         2. Secure Configuration of Client Tools
      8. Insider Threat Management
         1. Monitoring for Insider Threats
         2. Access Control Policies and Procedures