Chemical Engineering

1. Specializations in Chemical Engineering
   1. Petrochemical Engineering
      1. Refining Processes
         1. Distillation and Fractionation
         2. Cracking Methods (e.g., Thermal Cracking, Catalytic Cracking)
         3. Reforming and Isomerization
         4. Hydroprocessing
      2. Petrochemical Products
         1. Plastics and Polymers
         2. Synthetic Fibers
         3. Industrial Chemicals (e.g., Ethylene, Propylene)
         4. Lubricants and Fuels
      3. Environmental Impact and Mitigation
         1. Emission Control Technologies
         2. Catalyst Recycling and Waste Minimization
   2. Pharmaceutical Engineering
      1. Drug Formulation
         1. Solid Dosage Forms (e.g., Tablets, Capsules)
         2. Liquid and Semi-solid Forms
         3. Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy
      2. Process Validation
         1. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
         2. Quality by Design (QbD) Principles
         3. Scale-up and Pilot Testing
      3. Regulatory Compliance
         1. FDA and EMA Guidelines
         2. Clinical Trial Management
   3. Food Process Engineering
      1. Food Preservation and Safety
         1. Refrigeration and Freezing
         2. Canning and Sterilization
         3. Pasteurization and Irradiation
      2. Packaging Technology
         1. Advanced Materials for Packaging
         2. Vacuum and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)
         3. Shelf-life Extension Techniques
      3. Nutritional Engineering
         1. Fortification and Enrichment
         2. Allergen Control
   4. Renewable Energy
      1. Biofuels
         1. Biomass Conversion Technologies
         2. Biodiesel Production Processes
         3. Bioethanol and Biogas Generation
      2. Solar and Wind Energy Integration
         1. Photovoltaic Systems and Materials
         2. Wind Turbine Design and Optimization
         3. Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
      3. Energy Storage Solutions
         1. Batteries and Supercapacitors
         2. Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cells
   5. Environmental Engineering
      1. Water Treatment
         1. Physical and Chemical Treatment Methods
         2. Biological Treatment and Wastewater Recycling
         3. Membrane Technologies (e.g., Reverse Osmosis)
      2. Air Quality Management
         1. Air Pollution Control Devices
         2. Emission Monitoring and Compliance
         3. Indoor Air Quality Improvement
      3. Environmental Impact Assessments
         1. Life Cycle Analysis
         2. Sustainable Resource Management
         3. Ecological Risk Assessment