Biochemistry

1. Advances in Biochemistry
   1. Systems Biology
      1. Integration of Biological Data
         1. Omics Data Integration
         2. Multi-Scale Modeling
      2. Computational Biology
         1. Bioinformatics Tools
         2. In Silico Modeling and Simulations
      3. Network Biology
         1. Biological Networks Analysis
         2. Network Motifs and Pathways
      4. Predictive Modeling
         1. Disease Pathway Prediction
         2. Pharmacodynamics and Drug Interactions
   2. Synthetic Biology
      1. Gene Circuitry Design
         1. Promoter Engineering
         2. Transcriptional Regulation
      2. Metabolic Engineering
         1. Pathway Optimization
         2. Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals
      3. Genome Editing Techniques
         1. CRISPR Technology
         2. TALENs and Zinc Finger Nucleases
      4. Cell and Tissue Engineering
         1. Biofabrication and Organoids
         2. Tissue Scaffolding and Regeneration
   3. Functional Genomics
      1. Gene Function Elucidation
         1. High-Throughput Screening
         2. Gene Knockout and Knockdown Studies
      2. Transcriptomics
         1. RNA-Seq Technologies
         2. Differential Gene Expression Analysis
      3. Epigenomics
         1. DNA Methylation Profiling
         2. Histone Modification Mapping
      4. Applications in Disease Research
         1. Identifying Disease-Related Genes
         2. Personalized Medicine Developments
   4. Proteomics
      1. Protein Expression Profiling
         1. Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques
         2. Isotope Labeling Methods
      2. Protein-Protein Interactions
         1. Yeast Two-Hybrid Screening
         2. Co-immunoprecipitation
      3. Post-translational Modifications
         1. Phosphorylation Studies
         2. Ubiquitination and Acetylation Studies
      4. Clinical Proteomics
         1. Biomarker Discovery
         2. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Protein Targets
   5. Metabolomics
      1. Metabolite Identification
         1. Mass Spectrometry and NMR in Metabolite Analysis
         2. Metabolite Fingerprinting
      2. Metabolic Profiling
         1. Comparison of Metabolic States
         2. Applications in Nutritional Science
      3. Dynamic Metabolomics
         1. Isotopic Tracing Techniques
         2. Temporal Resolution of Metabolic Changes
      4. Integration with Other Omics
         1. Correlation with Genomics and Proteomics
         2. Systems-Level Metabolic Insights
   6. Structural Biology
      1. Macromolecular Structure Determination
         1. Advanced X-ray Crystallography
         2. Cryo-Electron Microscopy Innovations
      2. Protein Folding and Dynamics
         1. Folding Pathways and Misfolding Mechanisms
         2. Molecular Dynamic Simulations
      3. Structural Insights into Complexes
         1. Protein-DNA, Protein-RNA Interactions
         2. Supramolecular Complexes and Assemblies
      4. Structure-Based Drug Design
         1. Mapping Binding Sites
         2. Rational Design of Inhibitors and Modulators