Pulse-Doppler signal processing
Pulse-Doppler signal processing is a radar and CEUS performance enhancement strategy that allows small high-speed objects to be detected in close proximity to large slow moving objects. Detection impr
Photographic Display Unit
The Photographic Display Unit, or PDU, was a large-format display system used by the Royal Air Force to present radar images for interpretation by a number of operators and commanders. Made by Kelvin
Johnson–Nyquist noise
Johnson–Nyquist noise (thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise) is the electronic noise generated by the thermal agitation of the charge carriers (usually the electrons) inside an electrical co
Stationary target indication
Stationary target indication (STI) is a mode of operation for radar that enables the operator to discriminate between a target and clutter.
Buckeye System
The Buckeye system (also called BuckEye) is an operational airborne surveying system that provides high-resolution spatial imagery over an area of interest to support military operations involved with
Counter-IED equipment
Counter-IED equipment are created primarily for military and law enforcement. They are used for standoff detection of explosives and explosive precursor components and defeating the Improvised Explosi
Generalized pencil-of-function method
Generalized pencil-of-function method (GPOF), also known as matrix pencil method, is a signal processing technique for estimating a signal or extracting information with complex exponentials. Being si
Automatic gain control
Automatic gain control (AGC) is a closed-loop feedback regulating circuit in an amplifier or chain of amplifiers, the purpose of which is to maintain a suitable signal amplitude at its output, despite
Moving target indication
Moving target indication (MTI) is a mode of operation of a radar to discriminate a target against the clutter. It describes a variety of techniques used for finding moving objects, like an aircraft, a
Anomalous propagation
Anomalous propagation (sometimes shortened to anaprop or anoprop) includes different forms of radio propagation due to an unusual distribution of temperature and humidity with height in the atmosphere
Photoacoustic Doppler effect
The photoacoustic Doppler effect is a type of Doppler effect that occurs when an intensity modulated light wave induces a photoacoustic wave on moving particles with a specific frequency. The observed
Pulse-Doppler radar
A pulse-Doppler radar is a radar system that determines the range to a target using pulse-timing techniques, and uses the Doppler effect of the returned signal to determine the target object's velocit
Pulse compression
Pulse compression is a signal processing technique commonly used by radar, sonar and echography to increase the range resolution as well as the signal to noise ratio. This is achieved by modulating th
Space-time adaptive processing
Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a signal processing technique most commonly used in radar systems. It involves adaptive array processing algorithms to aid in target detection. Radar signal pr
Range gate
A range gate is an electronic circuit that selects signals within a given time period; the "gate" allows signals to pass through only within the selected time. The term is mostly used in radar, where
Amplitude-comparison monopulse
Amplitude-comparison monopulse refers to a common direction finding technique. This method is used in monopulse radar, electronic warfare and radio astronomy. Amplitude monopulse antennas are usually
Noise figure
Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are figures of merit that indicate degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is caused by components in a signal chain. These figures of merit are used
Digital antenna array
Digital antenna array (DAA) is a smart antenna with multi channels digital beamforming, usually by using fast Fourier transform (FFT). The development and practical realization of digital antenna arra
Electronic counter-countermeasure
Electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) is a part of electronic warfare which includes a variety of practices which attempt to reduce or eliminate the effect of electronic countermeasures (ECM) on e
Chirplet transform
In signal processing, the chirplet transform is an inner product of an input signal with a family of analysis primitives called chirplets. Similar to the wavelet transform, chirplets are usually gener
Constant false alarm rate
Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection refers to a common form of adaptive algorithm used in radar systems to detect target returns against a background of noise, clutter and interference.
Kampfgruppe 100
Kampfgruppe 100 (KGr 100) was a specialist unit of the Luftwaffe during the early stages of World War II. It is best known as the first unit to use the "pathfinder" concept, with its aircraft being eq
Sensitivity time control
Sensitivity time control (STC), also known as swept-gain control, is a system used to attenuate the very strong signals returned from nearby ground clutter targets in the first few range gates of a ra
Coherence (physics)
In physics, two wave sources are coherent if their frequency and waveform are identical. Coherence is an ideal property of waves that enables stationary (i.e., temporally or spatially constant) interf
K-distribution
In probability and statistics, the generalized K-distribution is a three-parameter family of continuous probability distributions. The distribution arises by compounding two gamma distributions. In ea
Frequency ambiguity resolution
Frequency ambiguity resolution is used to find the true target velocity for medium pulse repetition frequency (PRF) radar systems. This is used with pulse-Doppler radar.
Digital signal processing
Digital signal processing (DSP) is the use of digital processing, such as by computers or more specialized digital signal processors, to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations. The dig
Radar horizon
The radar horizon is a critical area of performance for aircraft detection systems that is defined by the distance at which the radar beam rises enough above the Earth's surface to make detection of a
Track-before-detect
In radar technology and similar fields, track-before-detect (TBD) is a concept according to which a signal is tracked before declaring it a target. In this approach, the sensor data about a tentative
Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter
The joint probabilistic data-association filter (JPDAF) is a statistical approach to the problem of plot association (target-measurement assignment) in a target tracking algorithm. Like the probabilis
Track algorithm
A track algorithm is a radar and sonar performance enhancement strategy. Tracking algorithms provide the ability to predict future position of multiple moving objects based on the history of the indiv
Radar tracker
A radar tracker is a component of a radar system, or an associated command and control (C2) system, that associates consecutive radar observations of the same target into tracks. It is particularly us
Vladimir Varyukhin
Vladimir Alekseevich Varyukhin (December 14, 1921, vil. Zarvantsy, Vinnitsa district, Vinnitsa region, Ukraine — July 8, 2007, Kyiv, Ukraine) was a Soviet and Ukrainian scientist, Professor, Doctor of
Doppler effect
The Doppler effect or Doppler shift (or simply Doppler, when in context) is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source. It is named after th
Probabilistic data association filter
The Probabilistic Data Association Filter (PDAF) is a statistical approach to the problem of plot association (target-measurement assignment) in a target tracking algorithm. Rather than choosing the m
Radar signal characteristics
A radar system uses a radio-frequency electromagnetic signal reflected from a target to determine information about that target. In any radar system, the signal transmitted and received will exhibit m