The zero-forcing equalizer is a form of linear equalization algorithm used in communication systems which applies the inverse of the frequency response of the channel. This form of equalizer was first proposed by Robert Lucky. The zero-forcing equalizer applies the inverse of the channel frequency response to the received signal, to restore the signal after the channel. It has many useful applications. For example, it is studied heavily for IEEE 802.11n (MIMO) where knowing the channel allows recovery of the two or more streams which will be received on top of each other on each antenna. The name zero-forcing corresponds to bringing down the intersymbol interference (ISI) to zero in a noise-free case. This will be useful when ISI is significant compared to noise. For a channel with frequency response the zero-forcing equalizer is constructed by . Thus the combination of channel and equalizer gives a flat frequency response and linear phase . In reality, zero-forcing equalization does not work in most applications, for the following reasons: 1. * Even though the channel impulse response has finite length, the impulse response of the equalizer needs to be infinitely long 2. * At some frequencies the received signal may be weak. To compensate, the magnitude of the zero-forcing filter ("gain") grows very large. As a consequence, any noise added after the channel gets boosted by a large factor and destroys the overall signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, the channel may have zeros in its frequency response that cannot be inverted at all. (Gain * 0 still equals 0). This second item is often the more limiting condition. These problems are addressed in the linear MMSE equalizer by making a small modification to the denominator of : , where k is related to the channel response and the signal SNR. (Wikipedia).
Determine Limits at Infinity Involving an Exponential Function: Odd Exponent
This video explains how to determine limits at infinity analytically and using a graph.
From playlist Limits at Infinity and Special Limits
Introduction to Limits at Infinity (Part 1)
This video introduces limits at infinity. https://mathispower4u.com
From playlist Limits at Infinity and Special Limits
Multivariable Calculus Limit of x^2y/(x^2 + y^2) using Polar Coordinates
Please Subscribe here, thank you!!! https://goo.gl/JQ8Nys Multivariable Calculus Limit of x^2y/(x^2 + y^2) using Polar Coordinates
From playlist Calculus
Limit of (4u^4 + 5)/((u^2 - 2)(2u^2 - 1)) as u approaches infinity
Limit of (4u^4 + 5)/((u^2 - 2)(2u^2 - 1)) as u approaches infinity. This is a calculus problem where we find a limit as u approaches infinity. In this case we have a rational function and the numerator and denominator have the same growth rate, so the limit is the ratio of the leading coef
From playlist Limits at Infinity
How to Compute a One Sided Limit with Variables in the Numerator
In this video I will show you How to Compute a One Sided Limit with Variables in the Numerator.
From playlist One-sided Limits
Calculus 6.08e - Limits that Evaluate to Zero or Infinity
Using l'Hopital's Rule to find limits that evaluate to zero or infinity.
From playlist Calculus Chapter 6 (selected videos)
Computing a Limit by Rationalizing (sqrt(x + 3) - sqrt(3))/x as x approaches zero
Please Subscribe here, thank you!!! https://goo.gl/JQ8Nys Computing a Limit by Rationalizing (sqrt(x + 3) - sqrt(3))/x as x approaches zero
From playlist Calculus
limit as derivative, limit as x goes to 1, (x^1000-1)/(x-1)
derivative as a limit, recognize limit represents derivative, Check out my site & social media www.blackpenredpen.com https://twitter.com/blackpenredpen https://www.instagram.com/blackpenredpen/ Thank you for watching! Please subscribe and share my videos to help my channel grow! blac
From playlist Sect 3.1, Stewart Calculus 7th ed, video solutions to selected problems
Determine Limits at Infinity Involving an Exponential Function: Even Exponent
This video explains how to determine limits at infinity analytically and using a graph.
From playlist Limits at Infinity and Special Limits
Work as the dot product is defined. The dot product using unit vectors is reviewed. Several examples are worked through. Want Lecture Notes? http://www.flippingphysics.com/work-dot-product.html This is an AP Physics C: Mechanics topic. Next Video: Integral Introduction via Work http://www
From playlist Work, Energy, Power, Spring Force - AP Physics C: Mechanics
Mechanical Engineering: Particle Equilibrium (6 of 19) Worker Pulling on Mass Hanging from Crane
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will calculate the force needed for a worker to pull a 10,000N mass hanging from a crane. Next video in the Particle Equilibrium series can be seen at: http://youtu.be/7ls-Dsu4ddY
From playlist MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1 - EQUILIBRIUM
Torque - Mass on Plank with String
Example: A 0.300 kg mass rests on a 0.395 m long, 0.764 kg, uniform wooden plank supported by a string as shown in the figure. If the mass is 0.274 m from the wall and the angle between the string and the plank is 32.1°, (a) What is the force of tension in the string? and (b) What is the n
From playlist Statics: Moments and Torque - A Level Physics
8.01x - Module 15.02 - A sliding block attached to a wall with a spring.
A sliding block attached to a wall with a spring.
From playlist 8.01x - MIT Help Sessions
Physics: Viewer's Request: Mechanics #5: Inclined Plane - Find Angle for Minimum Force (4 of 5)
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! To donate: http://www.ilectureonline.com/donate https://www.patreon.com/user?u=3236071 We will find the MINIMUM force, magnitude and direction, required to KEEP the block at rest FROM SLIDING DOWNWARDS. Case 3 FIND THE A
From playlist PHYSICS 4.2 THE INCLINED PLANE
Free Body Diagrams - Tension, Friction, Inclined Planes, & Net Force
This physics video tutorial explains how to draw free body diagrams for different situations particular those that involve constant velocity and constant acceleration. It explains when to uses forces such as tension, static and kinetic friction, gravity / weight force, and the normal forc
From playlist New Physics Video Playlist
This physics video tutorial is for high school and college students studying for their physics midterm exam or the physics final exam. Access The Full 6 Hour Video on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor Annual Membership - Save 15%: https://www.patreon.com/join/MathScienc
From playlist New Physics Video Playlist
الميكانيك التقليدي (إم آي تي) 13: الطاقة الكامنة، اعتبارات الطاقة لاشتقاق الحركة التوافقية البسيطة
MIT المحاضرة الثالثة عشرة من مساق "الميكانيك التقليدي" من جامعة "إم آي تي" للبروفيسور والتر لوين وهي عن: الطاقة الكامنة، اعتبارات الطاقة لاشتقاق الحركة التوافقية البسيطة بالإضافة للفيديو هناك ملفات مرفقة على موقعنا الالكتروني https://shamsunalarabia.net/courses/ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ-التقليدي/ رابط ال
From playlist 8.01 Arabic Subtitles
2 Masses on a Pulley - Torque Demonstration
Example: 0.100 kg and 0.200 kg masses hang from either side of a frictionless #Pulley with a rotational inertia of 0.0137 kg·m^2 and radius of 0.0385 m. (a) What is the #AngularAcceleration of the pulley? (b) What is the #TensionForce in each string? Want Lecture Notes? https://www.flippin
From playlist Statics: Moments and Torque - A Level Physics
Determine Infinite Limits of a Rational Function Using a Table and Graph (Squared Denominator)
This video explains how to determine a limits and one-sided limits. The results are verified using a table and a graph.
From playlist Infinite Limits