In chemistry, tetraborate or pyroborate is an anion (negative ion) with formula B4O2−7; or a salt containing that anion, such as sodium tetraborate, Na2B4O7. It is one of the boron oxoacids, that is, a borate. The name is also applied to the hydrated ion [B4O5(OH)4]2− as present in borax The ion occurs in boric acid solutions at neutral pH, being formed by condensation of orthoborate and tetrahydroxyborate anions: 2 B(OH)3 + 2 [B(OH)4]− ⇌ [B4O5(OH)4]−2 + 5 H2O The tetraborate anion (tetramer) includes two tetrahedral and two trigonal boron atoms symmetrically assembled in a fused bicyclic structure. The two tetrahedral boron atoms are linked together by a common oxygen atom, and each also bears a negative net charge brought by the supplementary OH− groups laterally attached to them. This intricate molecular anion also exhibits three rings: two fused distorted hexagonal (boroxole) rings and one distorted octagonal ring. Each ring is made of a succession of alternate boron and oxygen atoms. Boroxole rings are a very common structural motif in polyborate ions. The hydrated tetraborate anion occurs in the mineral borax (sodium tetraborate octahydrate) with the formula Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O. The borax chemical formula is also commonly written in a more compact notation as Na2B4O7·10H2O. Sodium borate can be obtained in high purity and so can be used to make a standard solution in titrimetric analysis. (Wikipedia).
Extracting Carbon Tetrachloride from Old Fire Extinguishers
This is a relatively simple way to get carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tet is very expensive and difficult to acquire, this is a much cheaper method to get carbon tet. This carbon tet can be purified further with several other purification methods if a higher quality is desired. Large metal e
From playlist Interesting Applications
Isocyanogen Tetrabromide from Na Azotetrazole
Bromine rips apart our precious tetrazole groups to form an obscure molecular motif, needed to make the famed C2N14 energetic compound. Following the procedure from here: https://sciencemadness.org/scipics/Energetic_Derivatives_Of_Tetrazole.pdf Explosions&Fire2: https://www.youtube.com/c
From playlist Chemistry of Tetrazoles
This shows a 3d print of a mathematical sculpture I produced using shapeways.com. This model is available at http://shpws.me/q0PF.
From playlist 3D printing
Nitrotetrazoles - Explosions&Fire
Why do we create explosions&fire? Because we got told that we couldn't. Playlist of me making the 5-ATz: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSxj7Lr5xpE&index=7&list=PLnafk93vhO37a9ppaAMQ57j2U04YiYWGp In this video we make the famed tetrazole ring, I talk some boring shit about 'electron withd
From playlist Chemistry of Tetrazoles
Hydrazine sulfate - Tetrazoles Part 4
There's something strange going on with my camera mic, but I should be able to replace that once the NAB sponsorship comes through. http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=15091 is the sciencemadness post about this.
From playlist OTC route to tetrazoles
Stanford artist collaborates with physics department for 'Drawing with Tetrahedra'
Physics faculty members and graduate students use tetrahedra to create a less-than-perfect structure that explores the connection between shape and sound. For more information, see: http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/march/tetra-physics-vivaldi-040214.html
From playlist Stanford Highlights
Cardboard Tetrahedron Pyramid Perfect Circle Solar How to make a pyramid out of cardboard
How to make a pyramid out of cardboard. A tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, three of which meet at each vertex.
From playlist HOME OF GREENPOWERSCIENCE SOLAR DIY PROJECTS
How to construct a Tetrahedron
How the greeks constructed the first platonic solid: the regular tetrahedron. Source: Euclids Elements Book 13, Proposition 13. In geometry, a tetrahedron also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. Th
From playlist Platonic Solids
What is Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon) and what's it used for?
From wiki: Polytetrafluoroethylene is a synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene that has numerous applications. The commonly known brand name of PTFE-based formulas is Teflon by Chemours, a spin-off from DuPont, which originally discovered the compound in 1938. Wikipedia Melting poi
From playlist Materials Sciences 101 - Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering 2020
2021 MATHCOUNTS Chapter Level Live Solve -1 by Po-Shen Loh
Welcome to the Official YouTube Channel of the Daily Challenge with Po-Shen Loh! Please subscribe to stay in touch. This time, Prof. Po-Shen Loh is going to collaborate with MATHCOUNTS, one of the biggest middle school math competitions in the US, AGAIN! In the next few months, Prof. Loh
From playlist MATHCOUNTS
DIY Slime - How to Make the Perfect Batch of Elmer's Glue Slime
If you’ve tried to buy a bottle of Elmer’s glue and the store shelves are empty, our science guy Steve Spangler has the reason behind this national shortage. Get ready to get your hands messy with Steve’s slime time recipes. Follow Steve on... www.Instagram.com/SteveSpangler www.Facebook.
From playlist Science Mondays - 9NEWS with Steve Spangler
Halloween Party Ideas: Slime Science - Cool Science Experiment
All this month Steve Spangler is sharing the coolest science recipes and party ideas to make this Halloween the best ever. Today it’s the science of slime. Get Clear Slime here: http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/clear-slime-pva-solution.html Get Vampire Slime here: http://www.stevespang
From playlist Cool Halloween Science Experiments!
The Dirt Collector Part IV - Back in the Lab
He's collected soil samples and grown his plants... Now Ed must do meticulous lab work to get his results. More at http://www.test-tube.org.uk/
From playlist The Dirt Collector
Steve's slime seen on The Ellen Show. It’s arguably the biggest DIY craze over the past decade. Why are kids so excited to make slime and what’s the real science behind the Borax controversy? Our science guy Steve Spangler is here with a table filled with gooey, gooey answers. Contact Ste
From playlist Science Mondays - 9NEWS with Steve Spangler
The Spangler Effect - Glacier Gak Season 01 Episode 19
The Spangler Effect series was created by Steve Spangler in partnership with YouTube’s Original Content Creator Project. © 2012 Steve Spangler, Inc. All Rights Reserved Steve Spangler is a bestselling author, STEM educator and Emmy award-winning television personality with more than 1,500
From playlist The Spangler Effect: Season 01
5-Aminotetrazole (5-ATZ) Finally - Tetrazoles Part 6
We finally close the ring, finally put all our nitrogens in a row. This video follows the final pages of this writeup: http://www.sciencemadness.org/scipics/Engager/TzOTC/Synthetic%20routes%20to%20tetrazole%20compounds%20based%20on%20OTC%20materials.pdf Sorry if the video seems a bit disj
From playlist OTC route to tetrazoles
http://www.sciencemadness.org/member_publications/terephthalic_acid_from_PET.pdf is the sciencemadness publication I followed for this, so full credit to CHROMIUM from sciencemadness. And special mention to Krisztián Szirtes for mentioning this reaction and getting me interested (i'd neve
From playlist Benzene from Plastic Bottles (PET)