Squares in number theory | Number theory

Sums of powers

In mathematics and statistics, sums of powers occur in a number of contexts: * Sums of squares arise in many contexts. For example, in geometry, the Pythagorean theorem involves the sum of two squares; in number theory, there are Legendre's three-square theorem and Jacobi's four-square theorem; and in statistics, the analysis of variance involves summing the squares of quantities. * Faulhaber's formula expresses as a polynomial in n, or alternatively in term of a Bernoulli polynomial. * Fermat's right triangle theorem states that there is no solution in positive integers for and . * Fermat's Last Theorem states that is impossible in positive integers with k>2. * The equation of a superellipse is . The squircle is the case . * Euler's sum of powers conjecture (disproved) concerns situations in which the sum of n integers, each a kth power of an integer, equals another kth power. * The Fermat-Catalan conjecture asks whether there are an infinitude of examples in which the sum of two coprime integers, each a power of an integer, with the powers not necessarily equal, can equal another integer that is a power, with the reciprocals of the three powers summing to less than 1. * Beal's conjecture concerns the question of whether the sum of two coprime integers, each a power greater than 2 of an integer, with the powers not necessarily equal, can equal another integer that is a power greater than 2. * The Jacobi–Madden equation is in integers. * The Prouhet–Tarry–Escott problem considers sums of two sets of kth powers of integers that are equal for multiple values of k. * A taxicab number is the smallest integer that can be expressed as a sum of two positive third powers in n distinct ways. * The Riemann zeta function is the sum of the reciprocals of the positive integers each raised to the power s, where s is a complex number whose real part is greater than 1. * The Lander, Parkin, and Selfridge conjecture concerns the minimal value of m + n in * Waring's problem asks whether for every natural number k there exists an associated positive integer s such that every natural number is the sum of at most s kth powers of natural numbers. * The successive powers of the golden ratio φ obey the Fibonacci recurrence: * Newton's identities express the sum of the kth powers of all the roots of a polynomial in terms of the coefficients in the polynomial. * The sum of cubes of numbers in arithmetic progression is sometimes another cube. * The Fermat cubic, in which the sum of three cubes equals another cube, has a general solution. * The power sum symmetric polynomial is a building block for symmetric polynomials. * The sum of the reciprocals of all perfect powers including duplicates (but not including 1) equals 1. * The Erdős–Moser equation, where and are positive integers, is conjectured to have no solutions other than 11 + 21 = 31. * The sums of three cubes cannot equal 4 or 5 modulo 9, but it is unknown whether all remaining integers can be expressed in this form. * The sums of powers Sm(z, n) = zm + (z+1)m + ... + (z+n−1)m is related to the Bernoulli polynomials Bm(z) by (∂n−∂z) Sm(z, n) = Bm(z) and (∂2λ−∂Z) S2k+1(z, n) = Ŝ′k+1(Z) where Z = z(z−1), λ = S1(z, n), Ŝk+1(Z) ≡ S2k+1(0, z). * The sum of the terms in the geometric series is (Wikipedia).

Video thumbnail

Powers

"Understand power notation and calculate simple powers, e.g. squares, cubes."

From playlist Number: Powers, Roots & Laws of Indices

Video thumbnail

General Method for Integer Power Sum Formula

Calculus: We give a general method for deriving the closed formula for sums of powers of 1 through N. The technique uses the partial sum formula for geometric power series.

From playlist *** The Good Stuff ***

Video thumbnail

Determine the Function for the Sum of a Power Series (e to the power of x)

This video explains how to determine the sum of a power series. Site: http://mathispower4u.com

From playlist Power Series

Video thumbnail

Computing the Sums of Finite Series with Formulas

Computing the Sums of Finite Series with Formulas. Several examples where we use formulas to compute the sums. Please Subscribe here, thank you!!! https://goo.gl/JQ8Nys The formulas are as follows, with all sums starting at i = 1. sum(c) = nc sum(i) = n(n + 1)/2 sum(i^2) = n(n + 1)(2n +

From playlist Precalculus and Algebra

Video thumbnail

Sum of integers squared explained

Explanation on deriving the equation. In arithmetic, we often come across the sum of n natural numbers. Sum of squares refers to the sum of the squares of numbers. It is basically the addition of squared numbers. Support my channel with this special custom merch! https://www.etsy.com/list

From playlist Math formulas, proofs, ideas explained

Video thumbnail

Laws of Indices (excluding negative/fractional powers)

"Use laws of indices for multiplying powers, dividing powers and raising a power to a power. Deal with a power of 0."

From playlist Number: Powers, Roots & Laws of Indices

Video thumbnail

Dividing by Powers of Ten

This video explains how to divide whole numbers and decimals by powers of ten. Search Video Library at http://www.mathispower4u.wordpress.com

From playlist Number Sense - Decimals, Percents, and Ratios

Video thumbnail

Power sum MASTER CLASS: How to sum quadrillions of powers ... by hand! (Euler-Maclaurin formula)

The longest Mathologer video ever! 50 minutes, will this work? Let's see before I get really serious about that Kurosawa length Galois theory video :) Today's video is another self-contained story of mathematical discovery covering millennia of math, starting from pretty much nothing and

From playlist Recent videos

Video thumbnail

Nexus Trimester - Mokshay Madiman (University of Delaware)

The Stam region, or the differential entropy region for sums of independent random vectors Mokshay Madiman (University of Delaware) February 25, 2016 Abstract: Define the Stam region as the subset of the positive orthant in [Math Processing Error] that arises from considering entropy powe

From playlist Nexus Trimester - 2016 - Fundamental Inequalities and Lower Bounds Theme

Video thumbnail

Faulhaber's Formula and Bernoulli Numbers | Algebraic Calculus One | Wild Egg

This is a lecture in the Algebraic Calculus One course, which will present an exciting new approach to calculus, sticking with rational numbers and high school algebra, and avoiding all "infinite processes", "real numbers" and other modern fantasies. The course will be carefully framed on

From playlist Algebraic Calculus One from Wild Egg

Video thumbnail

A Proof You've never seen(probably) #Some2

In this video, I prove sum of geometric series, by a proof I thought by myself. Enjoy! This video is submission to 3b1b's Summer of Math Exposion2

From playlist Summer of Math Exposition 2 videos

Video thumbnail

Solving An INSANELY Hard Viral Math Problem

This seemingly simple viral problem is a lot harder than it looks--it is actually a problem from a university level mathematics textbook! In order to solve the problem, we take a journey through symmetry and group theory which leads to a simple formula for solving these kinds of equations.

From playlist Math Puzzles, Riddles And Brain Teasers

Video thumbnail

The Sum of all Terminating Fractions

The sum of all terminating fractions is a question which can feel surprisingly alien. After all, how can one verify whether a fraction terminates except by testing it? In this video, I introduce a method for generating terminating fractions then sum them with a multiplication of geometric

From playlist Fun

Video thumbnail

The Basel Problem Part 2: Euler's Proof and the Riemann Hypothesis

In this video, I present Euler's proof that the solution to the Basel problem is pi^2/6. I discuss a surprising connection Euler discovered between a generalization of the Basel problem and the Bernoulli numbers, as well as his invention of the zeta function. I explain Euler's discovery of

From playlist Analytic Number Theory

Video thumbnail

Regis de la Breteche (Paris): Higher moments of primes in arithmetic progressions

Since the work of Barban, Davenport and Halberstam, the variances of primes in arithmetic progressions have been widely studied and continue to be an active topic of research. However, much less is known about higher moments. Hooley established a bound on the third moment in progressions,

From playlist Seminar Series "Arithmetic Applications of Fourier Analysis"

Video thumbnail

power series solutions to 1st and 2nd order equations -- differential equations 16

⭐Support the channel⭐ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/michaelpennmath Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/michael-penn-math My amazon shop: https://www.amazon.com/shop/michaelpenn 🟢 Discord: https://discord.gg/Ta6PTGtKBm ⭐my other channels⭐ Main Channel: https://www.youtube.

From playlist Differential Equations

Video thumbnail

Ex 3: Find a Power Series to Represent a Power Series

This video explains how to determine a power series to represent a function in the form of f(x)=a/(1+(bx)^2). Site: http://mathispower4u.com

From playlist Power Series

Video thumbnail

Real Analysis - Part 16 - Geometric Series and Harmonic Series [dark version]

Support the channel on Steady: https://steadyhq.com/en/brightsideofmaths Or support me via PayPal: https://paypal.me/brightmaths Or via Ko-fi: https://ko-fi.com/thebrightsideofmathematics Or via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/bsom Or via other methods: https://thebrightsideofmathematics.

From playlist Real Analysis [dark version]

Related pages

Perfect power | Legendre's three-square theorem | Statistics | Analysis of variance | Newton's identities | Fermat's Last Theorem | Superellipse | Geometric series | Prouhet–Tarry–Escott problem | Fermat cubic | Pythagorean theorem | Squircle | Golden ratio | Waring's problem | Cube (algebra) | Lander, Parkin, and Selfridge conjecture | Bernoulli polynomials | Power sum symmetric polynomial | Mathematics | Euler's sum of powers conjecture | Jacobi–Madden equation | Erdős–Moser equation | Jacobi's four-square theorem | Taxicab number | Number theory | Faulhaber's formula | Diophantine equation | Fermat's right triangle theorem | Geometry | Sums of three cubes | Riemann zeta function