Strained silicon is a layer of silicon in which the silicon atoms are stretched beyond their normal interatomic distance. This can be accomplished by putting the layer of silicon over a substrate of silicon–germanium (SiGe). As the atoms in the silicon layer align with the atoms of the underlying silicon germanium layer (which are arranged a little farther apart, with respect to those of a bulk silicon crystal), the links between the silicon atoms become stretched - thereby leading to strained silicon. Moving these silicon atoms farther apart reduces the atomic forces that interfere with the movement of electrons through the transistors and thus better mobility, resulting in better chip performance and lower energy consumption. These electrons can move 70% faster allowing strained silicon transistors to switch 35% faster. More recent advances include deposition of strained silicon using metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) with metalorganics as starting sources, e.g. silicon sources (silane and dichlorosilane) and germanium sources (germane, germanium tetrachloride, and isobutylgermane). More recent methods of inducing strain include doping the source and drain with lattice mismatched atoms such as germanium and carbon. Germanium doping of up to 20% in the P-channel MOSFET source and drain causes uniaxial compressive strain in the channel, increasing hole mobility. Carbon doping as low as 0.25% in the N-channel MOSFET source and drain causes uniaxial tensile strain in the channel, increasing electron mobility. Covering the NMOS transistor with a highly stressed silicon nitride layer is another way to create uniaxial tensile strain. As opposed to wafer-level methods of inducing strain on the channel layer prior to MOSFET fabrication, the aforementioned methods use strain induced during the MOSFET fabrication itself to alter the carrier mobility in the transistor channel. (Wikipedia).
What Are Allotropes of Metalloids and Metals | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool
What Are Allotropes of Metalloids and Metals Learn the basics about allotropes of metalloids and metals, as a part of the overall properties of matter topic. An allotrope is basically a different form of the same element, each with distinct physical and chemical properties. For example
From playlist CHEMISTRY
A soft silicone 3D-printed heart
Swiss researchers have come a step closer to building a better artificial heart. It’s a squishy prototype that’s 3D-printed from silicone. SUBSCRIBE: https://goo.gl/kdDpXu FOLLOW QUARTZ: Facebook: https://goo.gl/DsmLvx Twitter: https://goo.gl/rY7pSX Check out the rest of our videos: ht
From playlist Medical
Silicon: The Cleverest Element On Earth
Silicon is the second most abundant element, it even exists in our own bodies. What do you know about it? Without silicon, we would not have come as far as we have regarding technology. Silicon is critical in the calculations processors must do daily. Silicon is the second most abundant
From playlist Materials Lab
Tungsten Vs. Titanium Comparison
Titanium and Tungsten are some of the strongest metals on the planet. Which material do you think is the strongest of the two? 🤔 What is the difference between Tungsten and Titanium? 🧐 Watch our video to discover the metal qualities of Tungsten and Titanium. 🔩🎥 To get the latest science
From playlist Theory to Reality
Physics 59 Optical Instruments (6 of 20) Relaxed Viewing vs Strained Viewing
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! To donate: http://www.ilectureonline.com/donate https://www.patreon.com/user?u=3236071 We will learn the difference between relaxed viewing and strained viewing. And how strained viewing can increase magnification. Prev
From playlist PHYSICS 59 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Normal Stress and Normal Strain | Mechanical Properties of Solids | Don't Memorise
Stress and strain are basically classified into two types of stress and types of strain: Normal Stress/ Normal Strain and Shear Stress/ Shear Strain. To know what they mean, watch the video! (Mechanical Properties of Solids) In this video, we will learn: 0:00 Introduction 0:09 Types of
From playlist Physics
Silicone Implants - Periodic Table of Videos
A discussion of the use of silicone in medical implants. This follows recent news reports about problems with a certain type of breast implant. More chemistry at http://www.periodicvideos.com/ Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos And on Twitter at http://twi
From playlist With Portuguese subtitles (Português) - Periodic Videos
Everything Matters | Silicon | Ron Hipschman | Exploratorium
Thrown from supernovae, silicon is the eighth most abundant element in the universe and second only to oxygen in the Earth’s crust, which is primarily comprised of silicate compounds, including silica (SiO2), or quartz, commonly found in sand. Silica is absorbed by plants and transformed i
From playlist Tales from the Periodic Table
Fatigue Failure | Engineering Approach
This is 2nd part of Fatigue failure video lecture series. Here fatigue failure is explained in a practical, engineering point of view. Discussion starts with why actual value of endurance limit is way below ideal endurance limit obtained from R R Moore rotating beam fatigue test. Effect of
From playlist Mechanical Equipment Design
Mod-01 Lec-19 Defect Structure & Mechanical Behaviour of Nanomaterials
Nanostructures and Nanomaterials: Characterization and Properties by Characterization and Properties by Dr. Kantesh Balani & Dr. Anandh Subramaniam,Department of Nanotechnology,IIT Kanpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in.
From playlist IIT Kanpur: Nanostructures and Nanomaterials | CosmoLearning.org
Chem 201. Organic Reaction Mechanisms I. Lecture 07. Neighboring Groups.
UCI Chem 201 Organic Reaction Mechanisms I (Fall 2012) Lec 07. Organic Reaction Mechanism -- Neighboring Groups View the complete course: http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/chem_201_organic_reactions_mechanisms_i.html Instructor: David Van Vranken, Ph.D. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Terms o
From playlist Chem 201: Organic Reaction Mechanisms I
Lec 22 | MIT 2.830J Control of Manufacturing Processes, S08
Lecture 22: Case study 4: Modeling the Embossing/Imprinting of Thermoplastic Layers. (Courtesy of Hayden Taylor. Used with permission.) Instructor: Duane Boning, David Hardt View the complete course at: http://ocw.mit.edu/2-830JS08 License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More informa
From playlist MIT 2.830J, Control of Manufacturing Processes S08
MIT 3.054 Cellular Solids: Structure, Properties and Applications, Spring 2015 View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/3-054S15 Instructor: Lorna Gibson Review of materials with biomimicking, and final exam review. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mi
From playlist MIT 3.054 Cellular Solids: Structure, Properties and Applications, Spring 2015
Final Exam review for Introduction to Materials Science
This video goes over a previous year's final exam and talks about how to approach each problem. I provide additional explanations as requested by students who attended the review.
From playlist Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering Fall 2019
Implantable Optoelectronic and Microfluidic Systems for Neuroscience
Professor John Rogers, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, discusses how the successful integration of optoelectronic and microfluidic systems with the brain has the potential to accelerate basic scientific discoveries and their translation into clinical
From playlist Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute
Recycled Bedsheets Make The Best Waterproof Tarps
In this video I show an easy way to make your own silicone waterproofing and use it to make fabric tarps. Check out my sponsor, MEL Science, and use the code "nighthawk" for 60% off: https://melscience.com/sBDy/ I thought to try making my own waterproofing with naptha after watching this
From playlist Practical Projects & Skills
Mod-04 Lec-39 Mechanical Properties
Nano structured materials-synthesis, properties, self assembly and applications by Prof. A.K. Ganguli,Department of Nanotechnology,IIT Delhi.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
A Cycloalkyne for Click Chemistry - Nobel Prize 2022, Retrosynthesis
A special retrosynthesis connected to the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry on Click Chemistry, won by Bertozzi, Meldal and Sharpless. This discussion uses a disconnection approach to analyse a strained cycloalkyne made by Bertozzi and her research group. The strained cycloalkyne can do a cycl
From playlist Nobel Prize Winning Chemistry
An Introduction to Stress and Strain
This video is an introduction to stress and strain, which are fundamental concepts that are used to describe how an object responds to externally applied loads. Stress is a measure of the distribution of internal forces that develop within a body to resist these applied loads. There are
From playlist Mechanics of Materials / Strength of Materials