Algebra

Straight-line program

In mathematics, more specifically in computational algebra, a straight-line program (SLP) for a finite group G = ⟨S⟩ is a finite sequence L of elements of G such that every element of L either belongs to S, is the inverse of a preceding element, or the product of two preceding elements. An SLP L is said to compute a group element g ∈ G if g ∈ L, where g is encoded by a word in S and its inverses. Intuitively, an SLP computing some g ∈ G is an efficient way of storing g as a group word over S; observe that if g is constructed in i steps, the word length of g may be exponential in i, but the length of the corresponding SLP is linear in i. This has important applications in computational group theory, by using SLPs to efficiently encode group elements as words over a given generating set. Straight-line programs were introduced by Babai and Szemerédi in 1984 as a tool for studying the computational complexity of certain matrix group properties. Babai and Szemerédi prove that every element of a finite group G has an SLP of length O(log2|G|) in every generating set. An efficient solution to the constructive membership problem is crucial to many group-theoretic algorithms. It can be stated in terms of SLPs as follows. Given a finite group G = ⟨S⟩ and g ∈ G, find a straight-line program computing g over S. The constructive membership problem is often studied in the setting of black box groups. The elements are encoded by bit strings of a fixed length. Three oracles are provided for the group-theoretic functions of multiplication, inversion, and checking for equality with the identity. A black box algorithm is one which uses only these oracles. Hence, straight-line programs for black box groups are black box algorithms. Explicit straight-line programs are given for a wealth of finite simple groups in the online ATLAS of Finite Groups. (Wikipedia).

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Related pages

ATLAS of Finite Groups | Dihedral group | Mathematics | Suzuki groups | Computer algebra system | First-order logic | Computational group theory | Cayley graph | Black box group