Noise (electronics) | Engineering ratios

Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio

Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR or SNqR) is widely used quality measure in analysing digitizing schemes such as pulse-code modulation (PCM). The SQNR reflects the relationship between the maximum nominal signal strength and the quantization error (also known as quantization noise) introduced in the analog-to-digital conversion. The SQNR formula is derived from the general signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) formula: where: is the probability of received bit error is the peak message signal level is the mean message signal level As SQNR applies to quantized signals, the formulae for SQNR refer to discrete-time digital signals. Instead of , the digitized signal will be used. For quantization steps, each sample, requires bits. The probability distribution function (pdf) representing the distribution of values in and can be denoted as . The maximum magnitude value of any is denoted by . As SQNR, like SNR, is a ratio of signal power to some noise power, it can be calculated as: The signal power is: The quantization noise power can be expressed as: Giving: When the SQNR is desired in terms of decibels (dB), a useful approximation to SQNR is: where is the number of bits in a quantized sample, and is the signal power calculated above. Note that for each bit added to a sample, the SQNR goes up by approximately 6dB. (Wikipedia).

Video thumbnail

Sound vs. Noise: What’s the Actual Difference? (Part 1 of 3)

Noise and sound are not the same thing… really, they aren’t! What exactly is noise? Part 2 of 3 - https://youtu.be/XhFhK97hrdY Part 3 of 3 - https://youtu.be/yTyYZFcxGGQ Read More: Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Why It Matters https://www.lifewire.com/signal-to-noise-ratio-3134701 “You

From playlist Seeker Plus

Video thumbnail

Analysis of Quantization Error

http://AllSignalProcessing.com for more great signal processing content, including concept/screenshot files, quizzes, MATLAB and data files. Modeling quantization error as uncorrelated noise. Signal to quantization noise ratio as a function of the number of bits used to represent the sign

From playlist Sampling and Reconstruction of Signals

Video thumbnail

Physics - Mechanics: Sound and Sound Waves (9 of 47) Decibel Scale Conversion

Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will show you how to convert from decibel to W/m^2 and vice versa.

From playlist PHYSICS MECHANICS 5: WAVES, SOUND

Video thumbnail

Waves 3_4 Interference

Intensity and sound levels.

From playlist Physics - Waves

Video thumbnail

Physics - Mechanics: Sound and Sound Waves (36 of 47) Intensity of Sound Wave 2

Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will show you how to calculate the intensity of sound wave 2.

From playlist PHYSICS MECHANICS 5: WAVES, SOUND

Video thumbnail

Quantization and Coding in A/D Conversion

http://AllSignalProcessing.com for more great signal-processing content: ad-free videos, concept/screenshot files, quizzes, MATLAB and data files. Real sampling systems use a limited number of bits to represent the samples of the signal, resulting in quantization of the signal amplitude t

From playlist Sampling and Reconstruction of Signals

Video thumbnail

Waves 3_5 Interference

Intensity and sound levels.

From playlist Physics - Waves

Video thumbnail

Determining Signal Similarities

Get a Free Trial: https://goo.gl/C2Y9A5 Get Pricing Info: https://goo.gl/kDvGHt Ready to Buy: https://goo.gl/vsIeA5 Find a signal of interest within another signal, and align signals by determining the delay between them using Signal Processing Toolbox™. For more on Signal Processing To

From playlist Signal Processing and Communications

Video thumbnail

Speech and Audio Processing 4: Speech Coding I - Professor E. Ambikairajah

Speech and Audio Processing Speech Coding - Lecture notes available from: http://eemedia.ee.unsw.edu.au/contents/elec9344/LectureNotes/

From playlist ELEC9344 Speech and Audio Processing by Prof. Ambikairajah

Video thumbnail

Laurent Jacques/Valerio Cambareri: Small width, low distortions: quantized random projections of...

Laurent Jacques / Valerio Cambareri: Small width, low distortions: quantized random projections of low-complexity signal sets Abstract: Compressed sensing theory (CS) shows that a "signal" can be reconstructed from a few linear, and most often random, observations. Interestingly, this rec

From playlist HIM Lectures: Trimester Program "Mathematics of Signal Processing"

Video thumbnail

Marc Levoy - Lectures on Digital Photography - Lecture 10 (20apr16).mp4

This is one of 18 videos representing lectures on digital photography, from a version of my Stanford course CS 178 that was recorded at Google in Spring 2016. A web site that includes all 18 videos, my slides, and the course schedule, applets, and assignments is http://sites.google.com/sit

From playlist Stanford: Digital Photography with Marc Levoy | CosmoLearning Computer Science

Video thumbnail

Quantum Noise Limit in Gravitational Wave Detector - Nergis Mavalvala

Source - http://serious-science.org/videos/469 MIT Prof. Nergis Mavalvala on Poisson distributed noise sources, squeezed states of light, and optical cavities

From playlist Monolithic Telescope

Video thumbnail

GRCon21 - gr-genalyzer, a new OOT module to characterize data converter performance

Presented by Srikanth Pagadarai at GNU Radio Conference 2021 Emerging advancements in DAC/ADC technology in terms of enabling multi-channel, multi-mode, multi-band operation and supporting multi GSPS sample rates place stringent requirements on accurately characterizing the performance o

From playlist GRCon 2021

Video thumbnail

Marc Levoy - Lectures on Digital Photography - Lecture 17 (23May16).mp4

This is one of 18 videos representing lectures on digital photography, from a version of my Stanford course CS 178 that was recorded at Google in Spring 2016. A web site that includes all 18 videos, my slides, and the course schedule, applets, and assignments is http://sites.google.com/sit

From playlist Stanford: Digital Photography with Marc Levoy | CosmoLearning Computer Science

Video thumbnail

Some success stories in bridging theory and practice in ML (Lecture 1) by Anima Anandkumar

DISCUSSION MEETING THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF MACHINE LEARNING (ML) ORGANIZERS: Chiranjib Bhattacharya, Sunita Sarawagi, Ravi Sundaram and SVN Vishwanathan DATE : 27 December 2018 to 29 December 2018 VENUE : Ramanujan Lecture Hall, ICTS, Bangalore ML (Machine Learning) has enjoyed tr

From playlist The Theoretical Basis of Machine Learning 2018 (ML)

Video thumbnail

Emmanuel Candès: Wavelets, sparsity and its consequences

Abstract: Soon after they were introduced, it was realized that wavelets offered representations of signals and images of interest that are far more sparse than those offered by more classical representations; for instance, Fourier series. Owing to their increased spatial localization at f

From playlist Abel Lectures

Video thumbnail

Notation and Basic Signal Properties

http://AllSignalProcessing.com for free e-book on frequency relationships and more great signal processing content, including concept/screenshot files, quizzes, MATLAB and data files. Signals as functions, discrete- and continuous-time signals, sampling, images, periodic signals, displayi

From playlist Introduction and Background

Video thumbnail

Quantum Transport, Lecture 16: Superconducting qubits

Instructor: Sergey Frolov, University of Pittsburgh, Spring 2013 http://sergeyfrolov.wordpress.com/ Summary: quantum electrical circuits - flux qubits, phase qubits and charge qubits. Quantum Transport course development supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant DMR

From playlist Quantum Transport

Video thumbnail

Physics - Mechanics: Sound and Sound Waves (14 of 47) Sound Intensity at a Distance

Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will show you how to calculate I=? at distances of 25m and power is 20W.

From playlist PHYSICS MECHANICS 5: WAVES, SOUND

Related pages

Signal-to-noise ratio | Probability density function