Many protocols and algorithms require the serialization or enumeration of related entities. For example, a communication protocol must know whether some packet comes "before" or "after" some other packet. The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 1982 attempts to define "serial number arithmetic" for the purposes of manipulating and comparing these sequence numbers. In short, when the absolute serial number value decreases by more than half of the maximum value (e.g. 128 in an 8-bit value), it is considered to be "after" the former, whereas other decreases are considered to be "before". This task is rather more complex than it might first appear, because most algorithms use fixed-size (binary) representations for sequence numbers. It is often important for the algorithm not to "break down" when the numbers become so large that they are incremented one last time and "wrap" around their maximum numeric ranges (go instantly from a large positive number to 0 or a large negative number). Some protocols choose to ignore these issues and simply use very large integers for their counters, in the hope that the program will be replaced (or they will retire) before the problem occurs (see Y2K). Many communication protocols apply serial number arithmetic to packet sequence numbers in their implementation of a sliding window protocol. Some versions of TCP use protection against wrapped sequence numbers (PAWS). PAWS applies the same serial number arithmetic to packet timestamps, using the timestamp as an extension of the high-order bits of the sequence number. (Wikipedia).
Visualizing decimal numbers and their arithmetic 67 | Arithmetic and Geometry Math Foundations
This video gives a precise definition of a decimal number as a special kind of rational number; one for which there is an expression a/b where a and b are integers, with b a power of ten. For such a number we can extend the Hindu-Arabic notation for integers by introducing the decimal form
From playlist Math Foundations
Finding the rule of the sequence using multiplication and addition
👉 Learn how to write the explicit formula for the nth term of an arithmetic sequence. A sequence is a list of numbers/values exhibiting a defined pattern. A number/value in a sequence is called a term of the sequence. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term of the sequence
From playlist Sequences
Number theory Full Course [A to Z]
Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure #mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions. Number theorists study prime numbers as well as the properties of objects made out of integers (for example, ratio
From playlist Number Theory
Different Types of Numbers on the number line, lesson 1 #shorts
Watch the full playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcxK3_sROZA&list=PL14bv5vXK2WWuODhGbpPQA0GamV5ohOVb&index=1 Natural Numbers (N), (also called positive integers, counting numbers, or natural numbers); They are the numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …} Whole Numbers (W). This is the set of na
From playlist Celebrities Teach Math: The Number System
How to find the rule of a arithmetic sequence given two values in the sequence
👉 Learn how to write the explicit formula for the nth term of an arithmetic sequence. A sequence is a list of numbers/values exhibiting a defined pattern. A number/value in a sequence is called a term of the sequence. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term of the sequence
From playlist Sequences
Ex: Determine a Real, Imaginary, and Complex Number
This video explains how decide if a number is best described by the set of real, imaginary, or complex numbers. Library: http://mathispower4u.com Search: http://mathispower4u.wordpress.com
From playlist Performing Operations with Complex Numbers
To learn more about Wolfram Technology Conference, please visit: https://www.wolfram.com/events/technology-conference/ Speaker: Mark Sofroniou Wolfram developers and colleagues discussed the latest in innovative technologies for cloud computing, interactive deployment, mobile devices, an
From playlist Wolfram Technology Conference 2017
Engineering CEE 20: Engineering Problem Solving. Lecture 5
UCI CIvil & Environmental Engineering 20 Engineering Problem Solving (Spring 2013) Lec 05. Engineering Problem Solving -- View the complete course: http://ocw.uci.edu/courses/cee_20_introduction_to_computational_engineering_problem_solving.html Instructor: Jasper Alexander Vrugt, Ph.D.
From playlist Engineering CEE 20: Engineering Problem Solving
Stanford Seminar: Building Systems Using Malicious Components
EE380: Colloquium on Computer Systems Building Systems Using Malicious Components: How I learned to Stop Worrying and Trust SNARK Proofs Speaker: Eran Tromer, Tel Aviv University and Columbia University "Computers are unreliable and vulnerable to attacks. Therefore, we shouldn't belie
From playlist Stanford EE380-Colloquium on Computer Systems - Seminar Series
Description of natural, counting, whole, integer, rational and irrational numbers.
From playlist Arithmetic and Pre-Algebra: Number Sense and Properties
#345 ESP32 vs STM32: Which one is better (Bluepill)?
Many commenters tell me that the STM32 MCUs are great. The last time they were used on this channel was in video #11 on Jul 27, 2015. High time for a closer look. I am a proud Patreon of GreatScott!, Electroboom, Electronoobs, EEVblog, and others. Links: Bluepill: https://s.click.aliexpre
From playlist ESP32
Types Of Numbers | Numbers | Maths | FuseSchool
We all know what numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …. Including negative numbers -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, ... But did you know that mathematicians classify numbers into different types… into a number system. Let’s start at the top with real numbers. They can be positive… negative… zero… decimals, frac
From playlist MATHS: Numbers
Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensors
May 30, 2007 lecture by Raj Amirtharajah for the Stanford University Computer Systems Colloquium (EE 380). In this talk, Raj gives an overview of energy harvesting mechanisms, describes circuit and system microarchitecture techniques for energy harvesting wireless sensors, and gives speci
From playlist Course | Computer Systems Laboratory Colloquium (2006-2007)
Applications of thin orbits - Alex Kontorovich
Members' Seminar Topic: Applications of thin orbits Speaker:Alex Kontorovich Date: Monday, April 11 We will discuss some natural problems in arithmetic that can be reformulated in terms of orbits of certain "thin" (semi)groups of integer matrix groups. For more videos, visit http://v
From playlist Mathematics
Alex Kontorovich: Local-Global in Thin Orbits and Applications
The lecture was held within the framework of the Hausdorff Trimester Program: Harmonic Analysis and Partial Differential Equations and the Workshop: Analytic Number Theory of the Hausdorff Center for Mathematics 17.07.2014 This video was created and edited with kind support from eCampus
From playlist HIM Lectures: Trimester Program "Harmonic Analysis and Partial Differential Equations"
Finding the rule for our sequence using multiplication and subtraction
👉 Learn how to write the explicit formula for the nth term of an arithmetic sequence. A sequence is a list of numbers/values exhibiting a defined pattern. A number/value in a sequence is called a term of the sequence. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term of the sequence
From playlist Sequences
Computer Pioneers: Pioneer Computers Part 1
[Recorded: 1996] Part 1 of 2 The Dawn of Electronic Computing 1935 1945 Computer pioneer Gordon Bell hosts this two-part program on the evolution of electronic computing from its pre-World War II origins through the development of the first commercial computers. His narration traces the
From playlist Early Vacuum Tube Computers - 1940's and 1950's.
To learn more about Wolfram Technology Conference, please visit: https://www.wolfram.com/events/technology-conference/ Speaker: Mark Sofroniou Wolfram developers and colleagues discussed the latest in innovative technologies for cloud computing, interactive deployment, mobile devices, an
From playlist Wolfram Technology Conference 2018
This video provides a basic introduction into real numbers. It explains how to distinguish them from imaginary numbers. It also discusses the difference between rational and irrational numbers as well as integers, natural numbers, and whole numbers. Examples include repeating and non-re
From playlist New Algebra Playlist