Apportionment method criteria | Mathematical theorems

Mathematics of apportionment

Mathematics of apportionment describes mathematical principles and algorithms for fair allocation of identical items among parties with different entitlements. Such principles are used to apportion seats in parliaments among federal states or political parties. See apportionment (politics) for the more concrete principles and issues related to apportionment, and apportionment by country for practical methods used around the world. Mathematically, an apportionment method is just a method of rounding fractions to integers. As simple as it may sound, each and every method for rounding suffers from one or more paradoxes. The mathematical theory of apportionment aims to decide what paradoxes can be avoided, or in other words, what properties can be expected from an apportionment method. The mathematical theory of apportionment was studied as early as 1907 by the mathematician Agner Krarup Erlang. It was later developed to a great detail by the mathematician Michel Balinsky and the economist Peyton Young. Besides its application to political parties, it is also applicable to fair item allocation when agents have different entitlements. It is also relevant in manpower planning - where jobs should be allocated in proportion to characteristics of the labor pool, to statistics - where the reported rounded numbers of percentages should sum up to 100%, and to bankruptcy problems. (Wikipedia).

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From playlist Foundational Math

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From playlist Set Theory by Mathoma

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From playlist Injective, Surjective, and Bijective Functions

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Evaluating an expression with one variable ex 8, (-x^2 +1)/3; x = 3

πŸ‘‰ Learn how to evaluate mathematics expressions. A mathematics expression is a finite combination of numbers and symbols formed following a set of operations or rules. To evaluate a mathematics expression means to obtain the solution to the expression given the value(s) of the variable(s)

From playlist Simplify Expressions Using Order of Operations

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Evaluating an expression with one variable ex 3, (2x - 4)/4x; x = -3

πŸ‘‰ Learn how to evaluate mathematics expressions. A mathematics expression is a finite combination of numbers and symbols formed following a set of operations or rules. To evaluate a mathematics expression means to obtain the solution to the expression given the value(s) of the variable(s)

From playlist Simplify Expressions Using Order of Operations

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From playlist Math for Liberal Studies Lectures

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Evaluating an expression with one variable ex 4, x - 3 - 7x; x = 10

πŸ‘‰ Learn how to evaluate mathematics expressions. A mathematics expression is a finite combination of numbers and symbols formed following a set of operations or rules. To evaluate a mathematics expression means to obtain the solution to the expression given the value(s) of the variable(s)

From playlist Simplify Expressions Using Order of Operations

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This video provides an introduction to apportionment. Site: http://mathispower4u.com

From playlist Apportionment

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Evaluate an expression with one variable ex 5, 2(x - 3) - 5; x=-1

πŸ‘‰ Learn how to evaluate mathematics expressions. A mathematics expression is a finite combination of numbers and symbols formed following a set of operations or rules. To evaluate a mathematics expression means to obtain the solution to the expression given the value(s) of the variable(s)

From playlist Simplify Expressions Using Order of Operations

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Apportionment: The Alabama Paradox

This video explains and provides an example of the Alabama paradox. Site: http://mathispower4u.com

From playlist Apportionment

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Apportionment: Hamilton's Method

This video explains and provides an example of the Hamilton's method of apportionment.. Site: http://mathispower4u.com

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We define the notion of congruence modulo n among the integers. http://www.michael-penn.net

From playlist Modular Arithmetic and Linear Congruences

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Apportionment: Huntington-Hill Method

This video explains and provides an example of the Huntington-Hill method of apportionment. Site: http://mathispower4u.com

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Apportionment: Webster's Method

This video explains Webster's method of apportionment. Site: http://mathispower4u.com

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Apportionment: Jefferson's Method

This video explains and provides an example of Jefferson's method of apportionment.. Site: http://mathispower4u.com

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From playlist Math for Liberal Studies

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The video explains the new states paradox and provides an example of the population paradox. Site: http://mathispower4u.com

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πŸ‘‰ Learn how to evaluate mathematics expressions. A mathematics expression is a finite combination of numbers and symbols formed following a set of operations or rules. To evaluate a mathematics expression means to obtain the solution to the expression given the value(s) of the variable(s)

From playlist Simplify Expressions Using Order of Operations

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This is the first video lecture for Math for Liberal Studies Section 2.7: Apportionment. In this video, I give an overview of the apportionment problem: assigning representatives to states based on their population.

From playlist Math for Liberal Studies Lectures

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D'Hondt method | Optimal apportionment | Statistics | Fair item allocation | Rounding | Highest averages method | Coin flipping | Hagenbach-Bischoff quota | Webster/Sainte-LaguΓ« method | Mathematics | Largest remainder method | Entitlement (fair division) | Balance (apportionment) | Apportionment paradox | Imperiali quota | Agner Krarup Erlang | Bankruptcy problem | Multivalued function | Proportional cake-cutting with different entitlements | Hare quota | House monotonicity | State-population monotonicity