Philosophy of mathematics | Causal inference | Deductive reasoning
Two kinds of logical reasoning are often distinguished in addition to formal deduction: induction and abduction. Given a precondition or premise, a conclusion or logical consequence and a rule or material conditional that implies the conclusion given the precondition, one can explain the following. 1. * Deductive reasoning determines whether the truth of a conclusion can be determined for that rule, based solely on the truth of the premises. Example: "When it rains, things outside get wet. The grass is outside, therefore: when it rains, the grass gets wet." Mathematical logic and philosophical logic are commonly associated with this type of reasoning. 2. * Inductive reasoning attempts to support a determination of the rule. It hypothesizes a rule after numerous examples are taken to be a conclusion that follows from a precondition in terms of such a rule. Example: "The grass got wet numerous times when it rained, therefore: the grass always gets wet when it rains." This type of reasoning is commonly associated with generalization from empirical evidence. While they may be persuasive, these arguments are not deductively valid: see the problem of induction. 3. * Abductive reasoning, sometimes called inference to the best explanation, selects a cogent set of preconditions. Given a true conclusion and a rule, it attempts to select some possible premises that, if true also, can support the conclusion, though not uniquely. Example: "When it rains, the grass gets wet. The grass is wet. Therefore, it might have rained." This kind of reasoning can be used to develop a hypothesis, which in turn can be tested by additional reasoning or data. Diagnosticians, detectives, and scientists often use this type of reasoning. Within the context of a mathematical model, these three kinds of reasoning can be described as follows. The construction/creation of the structure of the model is abduction. Assigning values (or probability distributions) to the parameters of the model is induction. Executing/running the model is deduction. Other kinds of reasoning beside the three common categories above are: * Defeasible reasoning * Paraconsistent reasoning * Probabilistic reasoning * Statistical reasoning See Non-demonstrative reasoning for a comparison of these other kinds of reasoning. (Wikipedia).
Logical Reasoning: Become A Better Thinker
Logical thinking is also known as analytical reasoning, critical thinking or abstract thinking. It is an important trait, especially among developers in the software development industry. Without the logic, they would not understand how the software works, nor would they produce a clean co
From playlist Problem Solving
Logic: The Structure of Reason
As a tool for characterizing rational thought, logic cuts across many philosophical disciplines and lies at the core of mathematics and computer science. Drawing on Aristotle’s Organon, Russell’s Principia Mathematica, and other central works, this program tracks the evolution of logic, be
From playlist Logic & Philosophy of Mathematics
Geometry - Ch. 2: Reasoning and Proofs (13 of 46) What is Deductive Reasoning?
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will explain what is deductive reasoning. Sometime known as deductive logic or leading to a deductive conclusion. It is reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logical conclusion. And I will expla
From playlist GEOMETRY CH 2 PROOFS & REASONING
This video focuses on how to write the converse of a conditional statement. In particular, this video shows how to flip the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement. The concepts of truth value and logical equivalence are explored as well. Your feedback and requests are encour
From playlist Geometry
An introduction to the general types of logic statements
From playlist Geometry
Logical Reasoning | Logical Reasoning Questions And Answers | Logical Reasoning Test | Simplilearn
This Simplilearn video on Logical Reasoning will acquaint you with the top logical reasoning questions and answers. Here, we will help you understand how to crack a logical reasoning test. We will look at various categories of logical reasoning questions like Coding and Decoding, Seating A
From playlist Interview Tips and Career Advice | Soft Skills Training 🔥[2022 Updated]
This video teaches students how to write the inverse of a conditional statement. In particular, this video goes into detail about how to negate the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement. In addition, the concepts of truth value, negating statements and logical equivalence ar
From playlist Geometry
In this video, you’ll learn about kinds of logical fallacies and how to spot them. Visit https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/problem-solving-and-decision-making/ to learn even more. We hope you enjoy!
From playlist Critical Thinking
After Math: Reasoning, Proving, and Computing in the Postwar United States - Stephanie Dick
More videos on http://video.ias.edu
From playlist Historical Studies
Paola Cantù : Logic and Interaction:pragmatics and argumentation theory
HYBRID EVENT Recorded during the meeting "Logic and transdisciplinarity" the February 11, 2022 by the Centre International de Rencontres Mathématiques (Marseille, France) Filmmaker: Guillaume Hennenfent Find this video and other talks given by worldwide mathematicians on CIRM's Audiov
From playlist Logic and Foundations
What are Non-Classical logics?
Some of the general classes of non-classical logics I touch in this videos are linear logic, relevant logic, modal logic, many-valued logics, minimal logic, paraconsistent logics and so on and so forth. Let me know if I should dive deeping into a certain scene? https://en.wikipedia.org/wi
From playlist Programming
Logic 1 - Overview: Logic Based Models | Stanford CS221: AI (Autumn 2021)
For more information about Stanford's Artificial Intelligence professional and graduate programs visit: https://stanford.io/ai This lecture covers logic-based models: propositional logic, first order logic Applications: theorem proving, verification, reasoning, think in terms of logical f
From playlist Stanford CS221: Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Techniques | Autumn 2021
We begin our exploration into logic by analyzing LOGICAL STATEMENTS: 1) Define what a logical statement is 2) Recognize examples as logical statements or not logical statements 3) Use the symbols for "not", "and", and "or". 4) Break down a sentence into its logical structure. **********
From playlist Discrete Math (Full Course: Sets, Logic, Proofs, Probability, Graph Theory, etc)
Inference: A Logical-Philosophical Perspective with Alexander Paseau
In this talk, Professor Alexander Paseau, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, will describe some of his work on inference within mathematics and more generally. Inferences can be usefully divided into deductive or non-deductive. Formal logic studies deductive inference, the obviou
From playlist Franke Program in Science and the Humanities
Investigation Cognition || General Psychology (PSY 101)
This is a recorded version of a livestream distance learning lecture, recorded during the coronavirus pandemic of 2020. Topics include: logical reasoning, deductive reasoning, syllogisms, belief bias effect, Calvillo et al. (2019), informal fallacies. I claim no ownership over any music
From playlist General Psychology Lectures