Heaps (data structures) | Probabilistic data structures
Kinetic heater
A Kinetic Heater is a kinetic priority queue similar to a kinetic heap, that makes use of randomization to simplify its analysis in a way similar to a treap. Specifically, each element has a random key associated with it in addition to its priority (which changes as a continuous function of time as in all kinetic data structures). The kinetic heater is then simultaneously a binary search tree on the element keys, and a heap on the element priorities. The kinetic heater achieves (expected) asymptotic performance bounds equal to the best kinetic priority queues. In practice however, it is less efficient since the extra random keys need to be stored, and the procedure to handle certificate failure is a (relatively complicated) rotation instead of a simple swap. (Wikipedia).
