In mathematical logic, a fragment of a logical language or theory is a subset of this logical language obtained by imposing syntactical restrictions on the language. Hence, the well-formed formulae of the fragment are a subset of those in the original logic. However, the semantics of the formulae in the fragment and in the logic coincide, and any formula of the fragment can be expressed in the original logic. The computational complexity of tasks such as satisfiability or model checking for the logical fragment can be no higher than the same tasks in the original logic, as there is a reduction from the first problem to the other. An important problem in computational logic is to determine fragments of well-known logics such as first-order logic that are as expressive as possible yet are decidable or more strongly have low computational complexity. The field of descriptive complexity theory aims at establishing a link between logics and computational complexity theory, by identifying logical fragments that exactly capture certain complexity classes. (Wikipedia).
Logic: The Structure of Reason
As a tool for characterizing rational thought, logic cuts across many philosophical disciplines and lies at the core of mathematics and computer science. Drawing on Aristotle’s Organon, Russell’s Principia Mathematica, and other central works, this program tracks the evolution of logic, be
From playlist Logic & Philosophy of Mathematics
Maths for Programmers: Logic (What Is Logic?)
We're busy people who learn to code, then practice by building projects for nonprofits. Learn Full-stack JavaScript, build a portfolio, and get great references with our open source community. Join our community at https://freecodecamp.com Follow us on twitter: https://twitter.com/freecod
From playlist Maths for Programmers
An introduction to the general types of logic statements
From playlist Geometry
Atoms, elements, molecules... What's the difference? This is part 3 in the Stated Clearly series: An Introduction to Chemistry. In it you will find a simplified definition of a molecule, you will learn how we model molecules, and you will see actual images of real molecules and their vibra
From playlist Introduction to Chemistry - Stated Clearly
Truth Conditional Meaning in Model Theory (Fragment F1) - Semantics in Linguistics
We introduce the model theory of fragment F1 in Chierchia and McConnel-Ginet (2000)'s book on #semantics in #linguistics. We cover the meaning of proper nouns, intransitive verbs, transitive verbs, negation, and conjunctions, as well as how to derive meaning of larger constituents. We do a
From playlist Semantics in Linguistics
The algebra of sequences and limits -- Calculus II
This lecture is on Calculus II. It follows Part II of the book Calculus Illustrated by Peter Saveliev. The text of the book can be found at http://calculus123.com
From playlist Calculus II
What is the difference between finite and infinite sequences
👉 Learn about sequences. A sequence is a list of numbers/values exhibiting a defined pattern. A number/value in a sequence is called a term of the sequence. There are many types of sequence, among which are: arithmetic and geometric sequence. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which
From playlist Sequences
TRUTH TREES with Negation, Conditional, and Biconditional - Logic
In this video on #Logic / #PhilosphicalLogic I introduce rules for the conditional and biconditional for truth trees. We talk about conditional decomposition, biconditional decomposition, negated conditional decomposition, and negated biconditional decomposition. Then, we do an example of
From playlist Logic in Philosophy and Mathematics
http://www.teachastronomy.com/ Logic is a fundamental tool of the scientific method. In logic we can combine statements that are made in words or in mathematical symbols to produce concrete and predictable results. Logic is one of the ways that science moves forward. The first ideas of
From playlist 01. Fundamentals of Science and Astronomy
IMT3673 Mobile: Lab 1 and Lab 2 discussion.
IMT3673 Mobile Programming Discussing Architecture and Software Design Patterns OO Design Patterns, Gang of Four MVC SOLID principles
From playlist Archive - Mobile Development
IMT3673 - ViewModels and LiveData
IMT3673 Mobile Programming Android ViewModels and LiveData This session was recorded live with Zoom on March 19th, 2020 and covers Android ViewModels and LiveData.
From playlist 2020 - IMT3673 - Mobile Dev
Operating System Full Course | Operating System Tutorials for Beginners
An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. In this operating system full course you will be learning following topic in details. Hardware Resources Introduction
From playlist Operating System
OpenGL - diffuse and specular mapping, directional lights and spotlights, model loading
Code samples derived from work by Joey de Vries, @joeydevries, author of https://learnopengl.com/ All code samples, unless explicitly stated otherwise, are licensed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license as published by Creative Commons, either version 4 of the License, or (at your o
From playlist OpenGL
Efficient reasoning in PAC semantics - Brendan Juba
Brendan Juba Harvard University November 18, 2013 Machine learning is often employed as one step in a larger application, serving to perform information extraction or data mining for example. The rules obtained by such learning are then used as inputs to a further analysis. As a consequenc
From playlist Mathematics
IMT3673 - View Binding and Data Binding
IMT3673 Mobile Programming Android ViewBinding and DataBinding This session was recorded live with Zoom on March 25th, 2020 and covers ViewBinding and DataBinding in Android.
From playlist 2020 - IMT3673 - Mobile Dev
IMT3673 Mobile Programming: Basic Application
IMT3673 Mobile Programming: Basic Application Intents, Activities, Fragments JUnit tests Espresso tests Commandline: gradlew usage
From playlist Archive - Mobile Development
Segmented, Paged and Virtual Memory
Memory management is one of the main functions of an operating system. This video is an overview of the paged and segmented memory management systems. It describes how a segmented memory management system employs segments of different sizes, which can result in fragmented free space and
From playlist Operating Systems
React Elements and Components | React Tutorial for Beginners | Edureka | React Live - 2
🔥ReactJS Training - https://www.edureka.co/reactjs-redux-certification-training This Edureka React Elements and Components will help you learn ReactJS concepts with examples. This tutorial will help you in building a strong foundation in the React framework. Subscribe to our channel to ge
From playlist Edureka Live Classes 2020
This video teaches students how to write the inverse of a conditional statement. In particular, this video goes into detail about how to negate the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement. In addition, the concepts of truth value, negating statements and logical equivalence ar
From playlist Geometry