Classical ciphers

Four-square cipher

The four-square cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique. It was invented by the French cryptographer Felix Delastelle. The technique encrypts pairs of letters (digraphs), and thus falls into a category of ciphers known as polygraphic substitution ciphers. This adds significant strength to the encryption when compared with monographic substitution ciphers which operate on single characters. The use of digraphs makes the four-square technique less susceptible to frequency analysis attacks, as the analysis must be done on 676 possible digraphs rather than just 26 for monographic substitution. The frequency analysis of digraphs is possible, but considerably more difficult - and it generally requires a much larger ciphertext in order to be useful. (Wikipedia).

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Square numbers

Powered by https://www.numerise.com/ Square numbers

From playlist Indices, powers & roots

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What is Special About the Number 4?

This video explains what is special about the number 4 and the spelling of 4.

From playlist Mathematics General Interest

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Using a set of points determine if the figure is a parallelogram using the midpoint formula

👉 Learn how to determine the figure given four points. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. Some of the types of quadrilaterals are: parallelogram, square, rectangle, rhombus, kite, trapezoid, etc. Each of the types of quadrilateral has its properties. Given four points that repr

From playlist Quadrilaterals on a Coordinate Plane

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Determine if a set of points is a parallelogram using the distance formula

👉 Learn how to determine the figure given four points. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. Some of the types of quadrilaterals are: parallelogram, square, rectangle, rhombus, kite, trapezoid, etc. Each of the types of quadrilateral has its properties. Given four points that repr

From playlist Quadrilaterals on a Coordinate Plane

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Determining if a set of points is a rhombus, square or rectangle

👉 Learn how to determine the figure given four points. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. Some of the types of quadrilaterals are: parallelogram, square, rectangle, rhombus, kite, trapezoid, etc. Each of the types of quadrilateral has its properties. Given four points that repr

From playlist Quadrilaterals on a Coordinate Plane

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How to determine the perimeter of a quadrilateral using distance formula of four points

👉 Learn how to determine the figure given four points. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. Some of the types of quadrilaterals are: parallelogram, square, rectangle, rhombus, kite, trapezoid, etc. Each of the types of quadrilateral has its properties. Given four points that repr

From playlist Quadrilaterals on a Coordinate Plane

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Geometry: Ch 4 - Geometric Figures (1 of 18) Squares and Rectangles

Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will define the square and rectangle, explain the equations of their parameters, areas, and diagonals. Next video in this series can be seen at: https://youtu.be/yDgpmhYrKw4

From playlist GEOMETRY 4 - GEOMETRIC FIGURES

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Determining if a set of points makes a parallelogram or not

👉 Learn how to determine the figure given four points. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. Some of the types of quadrilaterals are: parallelogram, square, rectangle, rhombus, kite, trapezoid, etc. Each of the types of quadrilateral has its properties. Given four points that repr

From playlist Quadrilaterals on a Coordinate Plane

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Determine if a set of points makes up a rectangle using the distance formula

👉 Learn how to determine the figure given four points. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. Some of the types of quadrilaterals are: parallelogram, square, rectangle, rhombus, kite, trapezoid, etc. Each of the types of quadrilateral has its properties. Given four points that repr

From playlist Quadrilaterals on a Coordinate Plane

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Cryptanalysis of Classical Ciphers

Cryptography and Network Security by Prof. D. Mukhopadhyay, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in

From playlist Computer - Cryptography and Network Security

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Math for Liberal Studies - Lecture 3.6.2 The Bifid Cipher

This is the second video lecture for Math for Liberal Studies Section 3.6: An Introduction to Cryptography. In this lecture, we discuss a new method for encrypting and decrypting messages: the bifid cipher. This method relies on converting the letters in the message to coordinates in a let

From playlist Math for Liberal Studies Lectures

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ADFGVX Cipher: Encryption and Decryption (Updated)

Encryption and Decryption of the World War One ADFGVX Cipher, through examples. This video replaces an earlier one with the same content, but has some improvements and corrections. #cryptography

From playlist Classical Cryptography

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Follow-up: Barbie electronic typewriter

Here is a copy of the description from the Barbie video: ---- I first found this story on the crypto museum website, which has great information about the Barbie typewriter (and other cipher machines) https://www.cryptomuseum.com/crypto/mehano/barbie/ ------- Thanks to Sarah Everett fr

From playlist My Maths Videos

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Shannons Theory (Contd...1)

Cryptography and Network Security by Prof. D. Mukhopadhyay, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in

From playlist Computer - Cryptography and Network Security

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"Illustrating Geometry" exhibition: Artist's talk by Saul Schleimer: "Minimal and Seifert Surfaces"

Slides: http://homepages.warwick.ac.uk/~masgar/Talks/minimal_and_seifert_surfaces.pdf This video is also available at the Simons Center website, at http://scgp.stonybrook.edu/archives/11540 Thanks to Josh Klein for filming and editing.

From playlist 3D printing

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Mathematics in Cryptography III - Toni Bluher

2018 Program for Women and Mathematics Topic: Mathematics in Cryptography III Speaker: Toni Bluher Affiliation: National Security Agency Date: May 24, 2018 For more videos, please visit http://video.ias.edu

From playlist Mathematics

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The Trick That Solves Rubik’s Cubes and Breaks Ciphers (Meet in the Middle)

What do the Rubik's cube and a cipher from the 70s have in common? Let's find out. 0:00 Rubik's cube 9:40 DES ------------------------ Links: Feliks setting the 4.73 record https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R07JiT0PlcE&ab_channel=FeliksZemdegs webpage "God's number is 20" http://www.cub

From playlist Algorithms

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Block Cipher Standards (AES)

Cryptography and Network Security by Prof. D. Mukhopadhyay, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in

From playlist Computer - Cryptography and Network Security

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ADFGVX Cipher: Encryption and Decryption (OLD VERSION: SEE NEW VERSION LINK BELOW)

This video has been replaced with an updated video: visit https://youtu.be/T0xfKiU9Rr4 Encryption and Decryption of the World War One ADFGVX Cipher, through examples.

From playlist Classical Cryptography

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Determine if a set of points is a parallelogram by using the slope formula

👉 Learn how to determine the figure given four points. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. Some of the types of quadrilaterals are: parallelogram, square, rectangle, rhombus, kite, trapezoid, etc. Each of the types of quadrilateral has its properties. Given four points that repr

From playlist Quadrilaterals on a Coordinate Plane

Related pages

Encryption | Cryptanalysis | Substitution cipher | Playfair cipher | Frequency analysis