Many-valued logic

Finite-valued logic

In logic, a finite-valued logic (also finitely many-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which truth values are discrete. Traditionally, in Aristotle's logic, the bivalent logic, also known as binary logic was the norm, as the law of the excluded middle precluded more than two possible values (i.e., "true" and "false") for any proposition. Modern three-valued logic (ternary logic) allows for an additional possible truth value (i.e. "undecided"). The term finitely many-valued logic is typically used to describe many-valued logic having three or more, but not infinite, truth values. The term finite-valued logic encompasses both finitely many-valued logic and bivalent logic. Fuzzy logics, which allow for degrees of values between "true" and "false"), are typically not considered forms of finite-valued logic. However, finite-valued logic can be applied in Boolean-valued modeling, description logics, and defuzzification of fuzzy logic. A finite-valued logic is decidable (sure to determine outcomes of the logic when it is applied to propositions) if and only if it has a computational semantics. (Wikipedia).

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What are Non-Classical logics?

Some of the general classes of non-classical logics I touch in this videos are linear logic, relevant logic, modal logic, many-valued logics, minimal logic, paraconsistent logics and so on and so forth. Let me know if I should dive deeping into a certain scene? https://en.wikipedia.org/wi

From playlist Programming

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Logical challenges with abstract algebra II | Abstract Algebra Math Foundations 215 | NJ Wildberger

There is a very big jump in going from finite algebraic objects to "infinite algebraic objects". For example, there is a huge difference, if one is interested in very precise definitions, between the concept of a finite group and the concept of an "infinite group". We illustrate this imp

From playlist Math Foundations

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Math 131 Fall 2018 092118 Cardinality

Recall definitions: injective, surjective, bijective, cardinality. Definitions: finite, countable, at most countable, uncountable, sequence. Remark: a 1-1 correspondence with the natural numbers is the same thing as a bijective sequence. Theorem: Every infinite subset of a countable set

From playlist Course 7: (Rudin's) Principles of Mathematical Analysis (Fall 2018)

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Countable sets -- Proofs

This lecture is on Introduction to Higher Mathematics (Proofs). For more see http://calculus123.com.

From playlist Proofs

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Set Theory (Part 18): The Rational Numbers are Countably Infinite

Please feel free to leave comments/questions on the video and practice problems below! In this video, we will show that the rational numbers are equinumerous to the the natural numbers and integers. First, we will go over the standard argument listing out the rational numbers in a table a

From playlist Set Theory by Mathoma

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Mikolaj Bojanczyk: MSO+U

Find this video and other talks given by worldwide mathematicians on CIRM's Audiovisual Mathematics Library: http://library.cirm-math.fr. And discover all its functionalities: - Chapter markers and keywords to watch the parts of your choice in the video - Videos enriched with abstracts, b

From playlist Mathematical Aspects of Computer Science

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Logic: The Structure of Reason

As a tool for characterizing rational thought, logic cuts across many philosophical disciplines and lies at the core of mathematics and computer science. Drawing on Aristotle’s Organon, Russell’s Principia Mathematica, and other central works, this program tracks the evolution of logic, be

From playlist Logic & Philosophy of Mathematics

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Thomas Colcombet : Algebra vs Logic over (generalised) words

CONFERENCE Recording during the thematic meeting : « Discrete mathematics and logic: between mathematics and the computer science » the January 17, 2023 at the Centre International de Rencontres Mathématiques (Marseille, France) Filmmaker: Jean Petit Find this video and other talks give

From playlist Logic and Foundations

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Introduction to the Cardinality of Sets and a Countability Proof

Introduction to Cardinality, Finite Sets, Infinite Sets, Countable Sets, and a Countability Proof - Definition of Cardinality. Two sets A, B have the same cardinality if there is a bijection between them. - Definition of finite and infinite sets. - Definition of a cardinal number. - Discu

From playlist Set Theory

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We know that God exists because math is consistent and we know... - Kojman

Menachem Kojman Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Member, School of Mathemtics April 6, 2011 MATHEMATICAL CONVERSATIONS "We know that God exists because mathematics is consistent and we know that the devil exists because we cannot prove the consistency." -- Andre Weil For more videos,

From playlist Mathematics

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Ivan Di Liberti - Towards higher topology

Talk at the school and conference “Toposes online” (24-30 June 2021): https://aroundtoposes.com/toposesonline/ Slides: https://aroundtoposes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/DiLibertiSlidesToposesOnline.pdf We categorify the adjunction between locales and topological spaces, this amounts t

From playlist Toposes online

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6.2.1 Finite State Machines

MIT 6.004 Computation Structures, Spring 2017 Instructor: Chris Terman View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/6-004S17 YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62WVs95MNq3dQBqY2vGOtQ2 6.2.1 Finite State Machines License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More inf

From playlist MIT 6.004 Computation Structures, Spring 2017

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The True Power of Model Theory – Compactness, Infinitesimals and Ax's theorem

Thanks for watching! Go check out all submissions to 3blue1brown's contest: https://3b1b.co/SoME1 Corrections and remarks: none yet, let me know in the comments if you have any. Sources and resources: – First-order logic, compactness theorem David Marker's book: https://www.springer.com

From playlist Summer of Math Exposition Youtube Videos

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Samson Abramsky - The sheaf-theoretic structure of contextuality and non-locality

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From playlist Toposes online

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Logic 8 - First Order Modus Ponens | Stanford CS221: Artificial Intelligence (Autumn 2021)

For more information about Stanford's Artificial Intelligence professional and graduate programs visit: https://stanford.io/ai Associate Professor Percy Liang Associate Professor of Computer Science and Statistics (courtesy) https://profiles.stanford.edu/percy-liang Assistant Professor

From playlist Stanford CS221: Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Techniques | Autumn 2021

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Towards elementary infinity-toposes - Michael Shulman

Vladimir Voevodsky Memorial Conference Topic: Towards elementary infinity-toposes Speaker: Michael Shulman Affiliation: University of San Diego Date: September 13, 2018 For more video please visit http://video.ias.edu

From playlist Mathematics

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Introduction to Predicate Logic

This video introduces predicate logic. mathispower4u.com

From playlist Symbolic Logic and Proofs (Discrete Math)

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The big mathematics divide: between "exact" and "approximate" | Sociology and Pure Maths | NJW

Modern pure mathematics suffers from a major schism that largely goes unacknowledged: that many aspects of the subject are parading as "exact theories" when in fact they are really only "approximate theories". In this sense they can be viewed either as belonging more properly to applied ma

From playlist Sociology and Pure Mathematics

Related pages

George Boole | Emil Leon Post | Algebraic structure | Set theory | Truth predicate | T-norm fuzzy logics | Saul Kripke | Propositional calculus | Defuzzification | CMOS | Description logic | Formal language | Decidability (logic) | Alfred Tarski | Continuous or discrete variable | Infinite-valued logic | Boolean-valued model | Many-valued logic | Mathematics | Stephen Cole Kleene | Proposition | Probability distribution | Consistency | Random variable | Axiom | Three-valued logic | Probability theory | Degree of truth | Matrix (mathematics) | Fuzzy logic | Algorithm