In particle physics, the family symmetries or horizontal symmetries are various discrete, global, or local symmetries between quark-lepton families or generations. In contrast to the intrafamily or vertical symmetries (collected in the conventional Standard Model and Grand Unified Theories) which operate inside each family, these symmetries presumably underlie physics of the family flavors. They may be treated as a new set of quantum charges assigned to different families of quarks and leptons. Spontaneous symmetry breaking of these symmetries is believed to lead to an adequate description of the flavor mixing of quarks and leptons of different families. This is certainly one of the major problems that presently confront particle physics. Despite its great success in explaining the basic interactions of nature, the Standard Model still suffers from an absence of such a unique ability to explain the flavor mixing angles or weak mixing angles (as they are conventionally referred to) whose observed values are collected in the corresponding Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrices. While being conceptually useful and leading in some cases to the physically valuable patterns of the flavor mixing, the family symmetries are not yet observationally confirmed. (Wikipedia).
Symmetries show up everywhere in physics. But what is a symmetry? While the symmetries of shapes can be interesting, a lot of times, we are more interested in symmetries of space or symmetries of spacetime. To describe these, we need to build "invariants" which give a mathematical represen
From playlist Relativity
Isometry groups of the projective line (I) | Rational Geometry Math Foundations 138 | NJ Wildberger
The projective line can be given a Euclidean structure, just as the affine line can, but it is a bit more complicated. The algebraic structure of this projective line supports some symmetries. Symmetry in mathematics is often most efficiently encoded with the idea of a group--a technical t
From playlist Math Foundations
What is the definition of a geometric sequence
👉 Learn about sequences. A sequence is a list of numbers/values exhibiting a defined pattern. A number/value in a sequence is called a term of the sequence. There are many types of sequence, among which are: arithmetic and geometric sequence. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which
From playlist Sequences
What is an arithmetic sequence
👉 Learn about sequences. A sequence is a list of numbers/values exhibiting a defined pattern. A number/value in a sequence is called a term of the sequence. There are many types of sequence, among which are: arithmetic and geometric sequence. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which
From playlist Sequences
Simple groups, Lie groups, and the search for symmetry II | Math History | NJ Wildberger
This is the second video in this lecture on simple groups, Lie groups and manifestations of symmetry. During the 19th century, the role of groups shifted from its origin in number theory and the theory of equations to its role in describing symmetry in geometry. In this video we talk abou
From playlist MathHistory: A course in the History of Mathematics
What is the definition of an arithmetic sequence
👉 Learn about sequences. A sequence is a list of numbers/values exhibiting a defined pattern. A number/value in a sequence is called a term of the sequence. There are many types of sequence, among which are: arithmetic and geometric sequence. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which
From playlist Sequences
👉 Learn about sequences. A sequence is a list of numbers/values exhibiting a defined pattern. A number/value in a sequence is called a term of the sequence. There are many types of sequence, among which are: arithmetic and geometric sequence. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which
From playlist Sequences
Group Theory II Symmetry Groups
Why are groups so popular? Well, in part it is because of their ability to characterise symmetries. This makes them a powerful tool in physics, where symmetry underlies our whole understanding of the fundamental forces. In this introduction to group theory, I explain the symmetry group of
From playlist Foundational Math
What is the alternate in sign sequence
👉 Learn about sequences. A sequence is a list of numbers/values exhibiting a defined pattern. A number/value in a sequence is called a term of the sequence. There are many types of sequence, among which are: arithmetic and geometric sequence. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which
From playlist Sequences
Peter Sarnak "Some analytic applications of the trace formula before and beyond endoscopy" [2012]
2012 FIELDS MEDAL SYMPOSIUM Date: October 17, 2012 11.00am-12.00pm We describe briefly some of the ways in which the trace formula has been used in a non comparative way. In particular we focus on families of automorphic L-functions symmetries associated with them which govern the distrib
From playlist Number Theory
Peter Sarnak - Zeta and L-functions [ICM 1998]
ICM Berlin Videos 27.08.1998 Zeta and L-functions Peter Sarnak Princeton University, USA: Number Theory Thu 27-Aug-98 · 11:45-12:45 h Abstract: The theory of zeta and L-functions is at the center of a number of recent developments in number theory. We will review some of these developm
From playlist Number Theory
Random Matrix Theory and Zeta Functions - Peter Sarnak
Random Matrix Theory and Zeta Functions - Peter Sarnak Peter Sarnak Institute for Advanced Study; Faculty, School of Mathematics February 4, 2014 We review some of the connections, established and expected between random matrix theory and Zeta functions. We also discuss briefly some recen
From playlist Mathematics
Tim Perutz: From categories to curve-counts in mirror symmetry
Find this video and other talks given by worldwide mathematicians on CIRM's Audiovisual Mathematics Library: http://library.cirm-math.fr. And discover all its functionalities: - Chapter markers and keywords to watch the parts of your choice in the video - Videos enriched with abstracts, b
From playlist Jean-Morlet Chair - Lalonde/Teleman
Monster Group (John Conway) - Numberphile
The Monster Group explained. Conway playlist: http://bit.ly/ConwayNumberphile More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓ Featuring John Conway (Princeton University) and Tim Burness (University of Bristol). Brown papers and Numberphile artwork: http://bit.ly/brownpapers More Conway
From playlist John Conway on Numberphile
Pierrick Bousseau - The Skein Algebra of the 4-punctured Sphere from Curve Counting
The Kauffman bracket skein algebra is a quantization of the algebra of regular functions on the SL_2 character of a topological surface. I will explain how to realize the skein algebra of the 4-punctured sphere as the output of a mirror symmetry construction based on higher genus Gromov-Wi
From playlist 2021 IHES Summer School - Enumerative Geometry, Physics and Representation Theory
Embedding ellipsoids into the one-point blowup of CP^2 - Dusa McDuff
IAS/PU-Montreal-Paris-Tel-Aviv Symplectic Geometry Topic: Embedding ellipsoids into the one-point blowup of CP^2 Speaker: Dusa McDuff Affiliation: Columbia University Date: October 2, 2020 For more video please visit http://video.ias.edu
From playlist Mathematics
PiTP-Supersymmetric Grand Unification, Part 1 - Stuart Raby
PiTP-Supersymmetric Grand Unification, Part 1 Stuart Raby The Ohio State University July 14, 2008
From playlist PiTP 2008
From the Fukaya category to curve counts via Hodge theory - Nicholas Sheridan
Nicholas Sheridan Veblen Research Instructor, School of Mathematics September 26, 2014 More videos on http://video.ias.edu
From playlist Mathematics
Simple groups, Lie groups, and the search for symmetry I | Math History | NJ Wildberger
During the 19th century, group theory shifted from its origins in number theory and the theory of equations to describing symmetry in geometry. In this video we talk about the history of the search for simple groups, the role of symmetry in tesselations, both Euclidean, spherical and hyper
From playlist MathHistory: A course in the History of Mathematics
Jérémy Guéré : Mirror symmetry for singularities
Find this video and other talks given by worldwide mathematicians on CIRM's Audiovisual Mathematics Library: http://library.cirm-math.fr. And discover all its functionalities: - Chapter markers and keywords to watch the parts of your choice in the video - Videos enriched with abstracts, b
From playlist SPECIAL 7th European congress of Mathematics Berlin 2016.