Linguistic entailments are entailments which arise in natural language. If a sentence A entails a sentence B, sentence A cannot be true without B being true as well. For instance, the English sentence "Pat is a fluffy cat" entails the sentence "Pat is a cat" since one cannot be a fluffy cat without being a cat. On the other hand, this sentence does not entail "Pat chases mice" since it is possible (if unlikely) for a cat to not chase mice. Entailments arise from the semantics of linguistic expressions. Entailment contrasts with the pragmatic notion of implicature. While implicatures are fallible inferences, entailments are enforced by lexical meanings plus the laws of logic. Entailments also differ from presuppositions, whose truth is taken for granted. The classic example of a presupposition is the existence presupposition which arises from definite descriptions. For instance, the sentence "The king of France is bald" presupposes that there is a king of France. Unlike an entailment, presuppositions survive when the sentence is negated. For instance, "The king of France is not bald" likewise presupposes that there is a king of France. (Wikipedia).
Definition of an Injective Function and Sample Proof
We define what it means for a function to be injective and do a simple proof where we show a specific function is injective. Injective functions are also called one-to-one functions. Useful Math Supplies https://amzn.to/3Y5TGcv My Recording Gear https://amzn.to/3BFvcxp (these are my affil
From playlist Injective, Surjective, and Bijective Functions
Clojure - the Reader and Evaluator (4/4)
Part of a series teaching the Clojure language. For other programming topics, visit http://codeschool.org
From playlist the Clojure language
What is an Injective Function? Definition and Explanation
An explanation to help understand what it means for a function to be injective, also known as one-to-one. The definition of an injection leads us to some important properties of injective functions! Subscribe to see more new math videos! Music: OcularNebula - The Lopez
From playlist Functions
Definition of a Surjective Function and a Function that is NOT Surjective
We define what it means for a function to be surjective and explain the intuition behind the definition. We then do an example where we show a function is not surjective. Surjective functions are also called onto functions. Useful Math Supplies https://amzn.to/3Y5TGcv My Recording Gear ht
From playlist Injective, Surjective, and Bijective Functions
The idea of ‘atonement’ sounds very old-fashioned and is deeply rooted in religious tradition. To atone means, in essence, to acknowledge one’s capacity for wrongness and one’s readiness for apology and desire for change. It’s a concept that every society needs at its center. For gifts and
From playlist RELATIONSHIPS
Prepositions in Italian: Preposizioni Articolate
What's a preposition? It's a word that describes a relationship between a noun and some other element in the sentence. In English, these are words like to, at, of, or in. How are they used in Italian? Furthermore, how do these combine with articles to become preposizioni articolate? Let's
From playlist Italian
Homomorphisms in abstract algebra
In this video we add some more definition to our toolbox before we go any further in our study into group theory and abstract algebra. The definition at hand is the homomorphism. A homomorphism is a function that maps the elements for one group to another whilst maintaining their structu
From playlist Abstract algebra
Linguistically informed NLP for healthcare experience data | Healthcare NLP Summit 2021
Get your Free Spark NLP and Spark OCR Free Trial: https://www.johnsnowlabs.com/spark-nlp-try-free/ Register for NLP Summit 2021: https://www.nlpsummit.org/2021-events/ Watch all Healthcare NLP Summit 2021 sessions: https://www.nlpsummit.org/ Investigation of attention mechanisms of BER
From playlist Healthcare NLP Summit 2021
Inferences: Entailment - Semantics in Linguistics
In this video on #semantics in #linguistics, we talk about our first type of inference: entailment, and do a few examples with the contradiction test. Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGYSfZbPp3BiAFs531PBY7g/join Instagram: http://instagram.com/T
From playlist Semantics in Linguistics
Natural Language Inference | Stanford CS224U Natural Language Understanding | Spring 2021
For more information about Stanford’s Artificial Intelligence professional and graduate programs, visit: https://stanford.io/ai To learn more about this course visit: https://online.stanford.edu/courses/cs224u-natural-language-understanding To follow along with the course schedule and s
From playlist Stanford CS224U: Natural Language Understanding | Spring 2021
[Introduction to Linguistics] Ambiguity, Paraphrase, Entailment, Contradiction
Today we discuss lexical and syntactic ambiguity, entailment, paraphrasing and contradictions. LIKE AND SHARE THE VIDEO IF IT HELPED! Support me on Patreon: http://bit.ly/2EUdAl3 Visit our website: http://bit.ly/1zBPlvm Subscribe on YouTube: http://bit.ly/1vWiRxW Like us on Facebook: htt
From playlist Introduction to Linguistics
Lecture 8 – NLI 1 | Stanford CS224U: Natural Language Understanding | Spring 2019
For more information about Stanford’s Artificial Intelligence professional and graduate programs, visit: https://stanford.io/ai Professor Christopher Potts & Consulting Assistant Professor Bill MacCartney, Stanford University http://onlinehub.stanford.edu/ Professor Christopher Potts Pr
From playlist Stanford CS224U: Natural Language Understanding | Spring 2019
Injective, Surjective and Bijective Functions (continued)
This video is the second part of an introduction to the basic concepts of functions. It looks at the different ways of representing injective, surjective and bijective functions. Along the way I describe a neat way to arrive at the graphical representation of a function.
From playlist Foundational Math
MIT 24.900 Introduction to Linguistics, Spring 2022 Instructor: Prof. Norvin W. Richards View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/24-900-introduction-to-linguistics-spring-2022/ YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63BZGNOqrF2qf_yxOjuG35j This v
From playlist MIT 24.900 Introduction to Linguistics, Spring 2022
Adversarial Testing | Stanford CS224U Natural Language Understanding | Spring 2021
For more information about Stanford’s Artificial Intelligence professional and graduate programs, visit: https://stanford.io/ai To learn more about this course visit: https://online.stanford.edu/courses/cs224u-natural-language-understanding To follow along with the course schedule and s
From playlist Stanford CS224U: Natural Language Understanding | Spring 2021
Ellie Pavlick: "Should we care about linguistics?"
New Deep Learning Techniques 2018 "Should we care about linguistics?" Ellie Pavlick, University of Pennsylvania Abstract: There are countless examples of how deep learning has shattered previously state-of-the-art results on language processing tasks, including machine translation, quest
From playlist New Deep Learning Techniques 2018
Rasa Reading Group: Right for the Wrong Reasons
This week we'll be reading "Right for the Wrong Reasons: Diagnosing Syntactic Heuristics in Natural Language Inference" by Tom McCoy, Ellie Pavlick and Tal Linzen which was published at ACL 2019. Link to paper: https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1334/ Learn more about Rasa: https://ra
From playlist Rasa Reading Group
Linguistic Engineering - Computers and Linguistics
This introductory E-Lecture about Linguistic Engineering discusses the role of the computer in linguistics. Furthermore, it defines Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics from a theoretical and a practical point of view. Numerous examples illustrate Handke's main points.
From playlist Linguistic Engineering