Electron beams in manufacturing
Electron-beam processing or electron irradiation (EBI) is a process that involves using electrons, usually of high energy, to treat an object for a variety of purposes. This may take place under elevated temperatures and nitrogen atmosphere. Possible uses for electron irradiation include sterilization and cross-linking of polymers. Electron energies typically vary from the keV to MeV range, depending on the depth of penetration required. The irradiation dose is usually measured in grays but also in Mrads (1 Gy is equivalent to 100 rad). The basic components of a typical electron-beam processing device include: an electron gun (consisting of a cathode, grid, and anode), used to generate and accelerate the primary beam; and, a magnetic optical (focusing and deflection) system, used for controlling the way in which the electron beam impinges on the material being processed (the "workpiece"). In operation, the gun cathode is the source of thermally emitted electrons that are both accelerated and shaped into a collimated beam by the electrostatic field geometry established by the gun electrode (grid and anode) configuration used. The electron beam then emerges from the gun assembly through an exit hole in the ground-plane anode with an energy equal to the value of the negative high voltage (gun operating voltage) being applied to the cathode. This use of a direct high voltage to produce a high-energy electron beam allows the conversion of input electrical power to beam power at greater than 95% efficiency, making electron-beam material processing a highly energy-efficient technique. After exiting the gun, the beam passes through an electromagnetic lens and deflection coil system. The lens is used for producing either a focused or defocused beam spot on the workpiece, while the deflection coil is used to either position the beam spot on a stationary location or provide some form of oscillatory motion. In polymers, an electron beam may be used on the material to induce effects such as chain scission (which makes the polymer chain shorter) and cross-linking. The result is a change in the properties of the polymer, which is intended to extend the range of applications for the material. The effects of irradiation may also include changes in crystallinity, as well as microstructure. Usually, the irradiation process degrades the polymer. The irradiated polymers may sometimes be characterized using DSC, XRD, FTIR, or SEM. In poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers, high-energy electron irradiation lowers the energy barrier for the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition and reduces polarization hysteresis losses in the material. Electron-beam processing involves irradiation (treatment) of products using a high-energy electron-beam accelerator. Electron-beam accelerators utilize an on-off technology, with a common design being similar to that of a cathode ray television. Electron-beam processing is used in industry primarily for three product modifications: * Crosslinking of polymer-based products to improve mechanical, thermal, chemical and other properties, * Material degradation often used in the recycling of materials, * Sterilization of medical and pharmaceutical goods. Nanotechnology is one of the fastest-growing new areas in science and engineering. Radiation is early applied tool in this area; arrangement of atoms and ions has been performed using ion or electron beams for many years. New applications concern nanocluster and nanocomposites synthesis. (Wikipedia).
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From playlist Optoelectronic and Photonic Devices
DIY Scanning Electron Microscope - Electron Gun Detail
I explain the detailed operation of the electron gun in my DIY scanning electron microscope project.
From playlist Scanning Electron Microscope
DIY Scanning Electron Microscope - Overview
Today, I finally produced an image with my DIY scanning electron microscope. I've spent the last few months working on this project, and am encouraged by today's success. There is still a lot of work left to do in making the image higher resolution, and eliminating sources of noise, howe
From playlist Scanning Electron Microscope
Electron beam control in a scanning electron microscope
I describe electron beam optics and deflection as they are employed in scanning electron microscopy. http://web.jfet.org/vclk/ - Deflection amplifier http://www.johngineer.com/blog/?p=648 - CRT Christmas tree http://www.fei.com/ - FEI Company
From playlist Scanning Electron Microscope
Physics - Optics: Polarization (1 of 5) Introduction
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will give a short introduction to what happens to the intensity of a ray when it passes through different polarizers.
From playlist PHYSICS - OPTICS
https://www.patreon.com/edmundsj If you want to see more of these videos, or would like to say thanks for this one, the best way you can do that is by becoming a patron - see the link above :). And a huge thank you to all my existing patrons - you make these videos possible. In this video
From playlist Optoelectronic and Photonic Devices
Animation of Fermilab's Accelerator Complex
The 6,800-acre Fermilab site is home to a chain of particle accelerators that provide particle beams to numerous experiments and R&D programs. This 2-minute animation explains how the proton source provides the particles that get accelerated and travel through the accelerator complex at cl
From playlist Detectors and Accelerators
LASER Frequency Response Part 2 - Photon Rate Equation
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From playlist Optoelectronic and Photonic Devices
LASER Frequency Response Part 3 - Carrier Dynamics
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From playlist Optoelectronic and Photonic Devices
Maxwell’s Demon Goes Optical! by Swapan Chattopadhyay
DISTINGUISHED LECTURES MAXWELL’S DEMON GOES OPTICAL! SPEAKER: Swapan Chattopadhyay (FNAL, USA & IISc, India) DATE: 15 November 2022, 17:30 to 18:30 VENUE: Chandrasekhar Auditorium Abstract: Stochastic phase space cooling using microwave techniques in the GHz frequency range have been
From playlist DISTINGUISHED LECTURES
UXSS 2016 - Dr. Agostino Marinelli
Dr. Agostino Marinelli from SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory presents "Introduction to the Physics of Free Electron Lasers" on June 13, 2016 at the Ultrafast X-ray Summer Seminar, hosted by Stanford PULSE Institute at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
From playlist Stanford PULSE Institute
HEDS | Relativistic plasma mirrors for high-power ultrashort pulses from UV to soft x-ray
HEDS Seminar Series- Julia Mikhailova – June 3rd, 2021 LLNL-VIDEO-835546
From playlist High Energy Density Science Seminar Series
HEDS | Laser-driven magnetic filaments as a platform for high-field science
HEDS Seminar Series – Alexy Arefiev – July 15th, 2021 LLNL-VIDEO-836253
From playlist High Energy Density Science Seminar Series
Sarah Haigh - Probing atomic behaviour in liquids with STEM : opportunities for machine learning
Recorded 30 November 2022. Sarah Haigh of the University of Manchester presents "Probing atomic behaviour in liquids with STEM : opportunities for machine learning" at IPAM's Multi-Modal Imaging with Deep Learning and Modeling Workshop. Learn more online at: http://www.ipam.ucla.edu/progra
From playlist 2022 Multi-Modal Imaging with Deep Learning and Modeling
HEDS | Non-Maxwellian Dist Functions & their Impacts on Crossed-Beam Energy Transfer & Absorption
HEDS Seminar Series- David Turnbull – April 15th, 2021 LLNL-VIDEO-824861
From playlist High Energy Density Science Seminar Series
Quantum Transport, Lecture 4: Technology
Instructor: Sergey Frolov, University of Pittsburgh, Spring 2013 http://sergeyfrolov.wordpress.com/ Summary: This lecture reviews the three technological areas that enable the field of quantum transport. 1) crystal growth 2) nanofabrication and 3) low temperature measurements. Quantum Tran
From playlist Quantum Transport
Plasma Accelerator by Bob Bingham
06 March 2017 to 17 March 2017 VENUE: Ramanujan Lecture Hall, ICTS Bangalore Particle accelerators have been instrumental in unraveling some of the deep questions related to matter at the fundamental level, the latest being discovery of the Higgs Boson. The conventional accelerators, how
From playlist Laser Plasma Accelerator
Petar Petrov - Laser phase-contrast transmission electron microscopy & computational opportunities
Recorded 15 November 2022. Petar Petrov of the University of California, Berkeley, presents "Laser phase-contrast transmission electron microscopy and associated computational opportunities" at IPAM's Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Beyond Workshop. Abstract: A phase plate can provide optimum
From playlist 2022 Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Beyond
This video is used for Hologram technology, just make the hologram device at home with a very simple way, I'll put a video of how to make the Hologram device. Enjoy!
From playlist OPTICS