Large cardinals

Critical point (set theory)

In set theory, the critical point of an elementary embedding of a transitive class into another transitive class is the smallest ordinal which is not mapped to itself. Suppose that is an elementary embedding where and are transitive classes and is definable in by a formula of set theory with parameters from . Then must take ordinals to ordinals and must be strictly increasing. Also . If for all and , then is said to be the critical point of . If is V, then (the critical point of ) is always a measurable cardinal, i.e. an uncountable cardinal number κ such that there exists a -complete, non-principal ultrafilter over . Specifically, one may take the filter to be . Generally, there will be many other <κ-complete, non-principal ultrafilters over . However, might be different from the ultrapower(s) arising from such filter(s). If and are the same and is the identity function on , then is called "trivial". If the transitive class is an inner model of ZFC and has no critical point, i.e. every ordinal maps to itself, then is trivial. (Wikipedia).

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From playlist Set Theory

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Download the free PDF http://tinyurl.com/EngMathYT This video shows how to calculate and classify the critical points of functions of two variables. The ideas involve first and second order derivatives and are seen in university mathematics.

From playlist Several Variable Calculus / Vector Calculus

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How to find and classify critical points of functions

Download the free PDF from http://tinyurl.com/EngMathYT This video shows how to calculate and classify the critical points of functions of two variables. The ideas involve first and second order derivatives and are seen in university mathematics.

From playlist Mathematics for Finance & Actuarial Studies 2

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Download the free PDF http://tinyurl.com/EngMathYT This is an example illustrating how to find and classify the critical points of functions of two variables. Such ideas rely on the second derivative test and are seen in university mathematics.

From playlist Several Variable Calculus / Vector Calculus

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From playlist Set Theory

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CP 4.34

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From playlist OpenStax Calculus Volume 3 (Chapter 4)

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From playlist Set Theory

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From playlist Set Theory

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From playlist Mikefest: A conference in honor of Michael Douglas' 60th birthday

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From playlist AATRN 2022

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From playlist Tutorials

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Connor McCranie and Markus Pflaum (2/25/20): Catastrophe theory

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From playlist DELTA (Descriptors of Energy Landscape by Topological Analysis), Webinar 2020

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From playlist Mathematics

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Robyn Brooks and Celia Hacker (6/24/20): Morse-based fibering of the rank invariant

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From playlist AATRN 2020

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From playlist AATRN 2021

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From playlist Mathematics

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From playlist Bridging Applied and Quantitative Topology 2022

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From playlist Proofs

Related pages

Set theory | Cardinal number | Ultrafilter | Measurable cardinal | Von Neumann universe | Ordinal number | Inner model