In chemical thermodynamics, conformational entropy is the entropy associated with the number of conformations of a molecule. The concept is most commonly applied to biological macromolecules such as proteins and RNA, but also be used for polysaccharides and other molecules. To calculate the conformational entropy, the possible conformations of the molecule may first be discretized into a finite number of states, usually characterized by unique combinations of certain structural parameters, each of which has been assigned an energy. In proteins, backbone dihedral angles and side chain rotamers are commonly used as parameters, and in RNA the base pairing pattern may be used. These characteristics are used to define the degrees of freedom (in the statistical mechanics sense of a possible "microstate"). The conformational entropy associated with a particular structure or state, such as an alpha-helix, a folded or an unfolded protein structure, is then dependent on the probability of the occupancy of that structure. The entropy of heterogeneous random coil or denatured proteins is significantly higher than that of the tertiary structure of its folded native state. In particular, the conformational entropy of the amino acid side chains in a protein is thought to be a major contributor to the energetic stabilization of the denatured state and thus a barrier to protein folding. However, a recent study has shown that side-chain conformational entropy can stabilize native structures among alternative compact structures. The conformational entropy of RNA and proteins can be estimated; for example, empirical methods to estimate the loss of conformational entropy in a particular side chain on incorporation into a folded protein can roughly predict the effects of particular point mutations in a protein. Side-chain conformational entropies can be defined as Boltzmann sampling over all possible rotameric states: where R is the gas constant and pi is the probability of a residue being in rotamer i. The limited conformational range of proline residues lowers the conformational entropy of the denatured state and thus stabilizes the native states. A correlation has been observed between the thermostability of a protein and its proline residue content. (Wikipedia).
Entropy is often taught as a measure of how disordered or how mixed up a system is, but this definition never really sat right with me. How is "disorder" defined and why is one way of arranging things any more disordered than another? It wasn't until much later in my physics career that I
From playlist Thermal Physics/Statistical Physics
Physics - Thermodynamics 2: Ch 32.7 Thermo Potential (10 of 25) What is Entropy?
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video explain and give examples of what is entropy. 1) entropy is a measure of the amount of disorder (randomness) of a system. 2) entropy is a measure of thermodynamic equilibrium. Low entropy implies heat flow t
From playlist PHYSICS 32.7 THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS
Entropy's role on Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics depends on enthalpy, but it also depends on entropy. Entropy is a quantitative measure of the disorder of a system. We can see how reactions tend to go from order to disorder. At best they can switch between the two reversibly (second law of thermodynamics). There exist reac
From playlist Materials Sciences 101 - Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering 2020
Topics in Combinatorics lecture 10.0 --- The formula for entropy
In this video I present the formula for the entropy of a random variable that takes values in a finite set, prove that it satisfies the entropy axioms, and prove that it is the only formula that satisfies the entropy axioms. 0:00 The formula for entropy and proof that it satisfies the ax
From playlist Topics in Combinatorics (Cambridge Part III course)
David Sutter: "A chain rule for the quantum relative entropy"
Entropy Inequalities, Quantum Information and Quantum Physics 2021 "A chain rule for the quantum relative entropy" David Sutter - IBM Zürich Research Laboratory Abstract: The chain rule for the conditional entropy allows us to view the conditional entropy of a large composite system as a
From playlist Entropy Inequalities, Quantum Information and Quantum Physics 2021
Morris Ang (MIT) -- Integrability of the conformal loop ensemble
For κ between 8/3 and 8, the conformal loop ensemble CLEκ is a canonical random ensemble of loops which is conformally invariant in law, and whose loops locally look like Schramm-Loewner evolution with parameter κ. It describes the scaling limits of the Ising model, percolation, and other
From playlist Northeastern Probability Seminar 2021
Physics 32.5 Statistical Thermodynamics (15 of 39) Definition of Entropy of a Microstate
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! To donate: http://www.ilectureonline.com/donate https://www.patreon.com/user?u=3236071 In this video I will match entropy and thermodynamics probability in statistical thermodynamics. Next video in the polar coordinates
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
Entropy and the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution. Also discusses why this is different than the Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac energy distributions for quantum particles. My Patreon page is at https://www.patreon.com/EugeneK 00:00 Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution 02:45 Higher Temper
From playlist Physics
Physics - Thermodynamics 2: Ch 32.7 Thermo Potential (11 of 25) Change in Entropy: 1st Method
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video calculate the change in entropy of the initial state of low entropy system to a high entropy system. (Method 1) Next video in this series can be seen at: https://youtu.be/YSi67zdKJIw
From playlist PHYSICS 32.7 THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS
MagLab Theory Winter School 2018: Ryu Shinsei: Quantum Entangle in Conformal & Topological 2
The National MagLab held it's sixth Theory Winter School in Tallahassee, FL from January 8th - 13th, 2018.
From playlist 2018 Theory Winter School
Universal corrections to entanglement entropy of local quantum quenches by Surbhi Khetrapal
Bangalore Area String Meeting URL: http://www.icts.res.in/discussion_meeting/BASM2016/ DATES: Monday 25 Jul, 2016 - Wednesday 27 Jul, 2016 VENUE : Ramanujan Lecture Hall, ICTS, Bangalore DESCRIPTION: This meeting is designed to bring together string theorists working in the Bangalore
From playlist Bangalore Area String Meeting
Holographic Entanglement Entropy (Chandrasekhar lecture II)
Discussion Meeting: Entanglement from Gravity(URL: http://www.icts.res.in/discussion_meeting/EG2014/) Dates: Wednesday 10 Dec, 2014 - Friday 12 Dec, 2014 Description: In the last few years, quantum entanglement considerations have led to profound insights in the connection with gravity.
From playlist Chandrasekhar Lectures
Entanglement Dynamics in 2d CFT: Thomas Hartman
URL: https://strings2015.icts.res.in/talkTitles.php
From playlist Strings 2015 conference
Renormalization Group Flows and the $a$-theorem by John Cardy
Date : Wednesday, July 5, 2017 Time : 16:15 PM Venue : Ramanujan Lecture Hall, ICTS Campus, Bangalore Abstract : In 1986 A Zamolodchikov derived the remarkable result that in two-dimensional quantum field theories renormalization group flows are irreversible. T
From playlist Seminar Series
Entanglement & C-theorems (Chandrasekhar lecture III) - part 2
Discussion Meeting: Entanglement from Gravity(URL: http://www.icts.res.in/discussion_meeting/EG2014/) Dates: Wednesday 10 Dec, 2014 - Friday 12 Dec, 2014 Description: In the last few years, quantum entanglement considerations have led to profound insights in the connection with gravity.
From playlist Chandrasekhar Lectures
Unitarity and bounds in conformal field theories by Justin David
ORGANIZERS : Pallab Basu, Avinash Dhar, Rajesh Gopakumar, R. Loganayagam, Gautam Mandal, Shiraz Minwalla, Suvrat Raju, Sandip Trivedi and Spenta Wadia DATE : 21 May 2018 to 02 June 2018 VENUE : Ramanujan Lecture Hall, ICTS Bangalore In the past twenty years, the discovery of the AdS/C
From playlist AdS/CFT at 20 and Beyond
Symmetry in Quantum Gravity by Hirosi Ooguri
DATE: 15 January 2018, 16:00 to 17:30 VENUE: Ramanujan Lecture Hall, ICTS Bangalore General relativity and quantum mechanics were crowning achievements of physics in the 20th century, and their unification has been left as our homework in the 21st century. Superstring theory is our best
From playlist Kavli Asian Winter School (KAWS) on Strings, Particles and Cosmology 2018
Higher spin Entanglement Entropy from CFT and Holography
Discussion Meeting: Entanglement from Gravity(URL: http://www.icts.res.in/discussion_meeting/EG2014/) Dates: Wednesday 10 Dec, 2014 - Friday 12 Dec, 2014 Description: In the last few years, quantum entanglement considerations have led to profound insights in the connection with gravity.
From playlist Discussion Meeting: Entanglement from Gravity
Entropy production during free expansion of an ideal gas by Subhadip Chakraborti
Abstract: According to the second law, the entropy of an isolated system increases during its evolution from one equilibrium state to another. The free expansion of a gas, on removal of a partition in a box, is an example where we expect to see such an increase of entropy. The constructi
From playlist Seminar Series
Session 1 - Anomalies and Entanglement Entropy: Tatsuma Nishioka
https://strings2015.icts.res.in/talkTitles.php
From playlist Strings 2015 conference