In physics, a charge carrier is a particle or quasiparticle that is free to move, carrying an electric charge, especially the particles that carry electric charges in electrical conductors. Examples are electrons, ions and holes. The term is used most commonly in solid state physics. In a conducting medium, an electric field can exert force on these free particles, causing a net motion of the particles through the medium; this is what constitutes an electric current. In conducting media, particles serve to carry charge: * In many metals, the charge carriers are electrons. One or two of the valence electrons from each atom are able to move about freely within the crystal structure of the metal. The free electrons are referred to as conduction electrons, and the cloud of free electrons is called a Fermi gas. Many metals have electron and hole bands. In some, the majority carriers are holes. * In electrolytes, such as salt water, the charge carriers are ions, which are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons so they are electrically charged. Atoms that have gained electrons so they are negatively charged are called anions, atoms that have lost electrons so they are positively charged are called cations. Cations and anions of the dissociated liquid also serve as charge carriers in melted ionic solids (see e.g. the Hall–Héroult process for an example of electrolysis of a melted ionic solid). Proton conductors are electrolytic conductors employing positive hydrogen ions as carriers. * In a plasma, an electrically charged gas which is found in electric arcs through air, neon signs, and the sun and stars, the electrons and cations of ionized gas act as charge carriers. * In a vacuum, free electrons can act as charge carriers. In the electronic component known as the vacuum tube (also called valve), the mobile electron cloud is generated by a heated metal cathode, by a process called thermionic emission. When an electric field is applied strong enough to draw the electrons into a beam, this may be referred to as a cathode ray, and is the basis of the cathode ray tube display widely used in televisions and computer monitors until the 2000s. * In semiconductors, which are the materials used to make electronic components like transistors and integrated circuits, two types of charge carrier are possible. In p-type semiconductors, "effective particles" known as electron holes with positive charge move through the crystal lattice, producing an electrical current. The "holes" are, in effect, electron vacancies in the valence-band electron population of the semiconductor and are treated as charge carriers because they are mobile, moving from atom site to atom site. In n-type semiconductors, electrons in the conduction band move through the crystal, resulting in an electrical current. In some conductors, such as ionic solutions and plasmas, positive and negative charge carriers coexist, so in these cases an electric current consists of the two types of carrier moving in opposite directions. In other conductors, such as metals, there are only charge carriers of one polarity, so an electric current in them simply consists of charge carriers moving in one direction. (Wikipedia).
What is Charge? An Explanation
In this video Mr. Swarthout gives a brief overview of charge; including the definition, units and abbreviations. You can see a listing of all my videos at my website, http://www.stepbystepscience.com
From playlist Electricity and Magnetism
Mini Solar Powered USB Charger - Part 1
An introduction to the Mini Solar Powered USB Charger.
From playlist Solar Powered Projects
Physics 39 Capacitors (1 of 37) Calculating the Charge on a Capacitor 1/2
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! Howdy! Fasten your bootstraps and get ready for a massive eight part lecture on capacitors. We'll start with a single capacitor and focus on the concept of capacitance, then we'll move on to multiple capacitors, either
From playlist PHYSICS - ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 3
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A demonstration of a normal capacitor vs a supercapacitor vs rechargeable batteries. Have a look at http://www.youtube.com/user/electrodacus for some interesting videos on capacitors and other electronics.
From playlist General Electronics
Physics - E&M: The Electromotive Force (EMF) (3 of 6) What is the "Force" in Electromotive Force?
Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will explain what is the “force” in electromotive force. Next video in this series can be seen: https://youtu.be/bIZcnhYR8g0
From playlist PHYSICS 41.2 ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
Transformer 3d Video ||Physics topic|| CBSE board
Contact : mobicoderz@gmail.com A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive force across a secon
From playlist Physics Topics
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A series of multiple choice questions to test your understanding of charge behaviour in fields - electric, magnetic or both Check out www.physicshigh.com and follow me on facebook and twitter @physicshigh Support me on www.patreon.com/highschoolphysicsexplained
From playlist How well do you know series
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From playlist We are like this only
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From playlist Science & Experiments
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From playlist All of AP Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism!
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From playlist AP Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism Review
16. Solar Cell Characterization
MIT 2.627 Fundamentals of Photovoltaics, Fall 2011 View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/2-627F11 Instructor: Tonio Buonassisi This lecture is about methods to characterize solar cell performance and properties, specifically techniques to measure short circuit current losses, open
From playlist MIT 2.627 Fundamentals of Photovoltaics, Fall 2011
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29 May 2017 to 02 June 2017 VENUE: Ramanujan Lecture Hall, ICTS Bangalore This program aims to bring together people working on classical and quantum systems with disorder and interactions. The extensive exploration, through experiments, simulations and model calculations, of growing cor
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From playlist PHYS 102 | Current and Resistance
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This video covers Section 20.1 of Cutnell & Johnson Physics 10e, by David Young and Shane Stadler, published by John Wiley and Sons. The lecture is part of the course General Physics - Life Sciences I and II, taught by Dr. Boyd F. Edwards at Utah State University. This video was produced
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From playlist Vintage Television & Radio Technology, film restoration, film preservation, scanning and digitization
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From playlist Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering Fall 2019
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https://www.patreon.com/edmundsj If you want to see more of these videos, or would like to say thanks for this one, the best way you can do that is by becoming a patron - see the link above :). And a huge thank you to all my existing patrons - you make these videos possible. Analyzing the
From playlist Electronics I: Semiconductor Physics and Devices
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From playlist Capacitors and Capacitance
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Condensed Matter Physics by Prof. G. Rangarajan, Department of Physics, IIT Madras. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
From playlist NPTEL: Condensed Matter Physics - CosmoLearning.com Physics Course