In organic chemistry, a carbanion is an anion in which carbon is trivalent (forms three bonds) and bears a formal negative charge (in at least one significant resonance form). Formally, a carbanion is the conjugate base of a carbon acid: where B stands for the base. The carbanions formed from deprotonation of alkanes (at an sp3 carbon), alkenes (at an sp2 carbon), arenes (at an sp2 carbon), and alkynes (at an sp carbon) are known as alkyl, alkenyl (vinyl), aryl, and alkynyl (acetylide) anions, respectively. Carbanions have a concentration of electron density at the negatively charged carbon, which, in most cases, reacts efficiently with a variety of electrophiles of varying strengths, including carbonyl groups, imines/iminium salts, halogenating reagents (e.g., N-bromosuccinimide and diiodine), and proton donors. A carbanion is one of several reactive intermediates in organic chemistry. In organic synthesis, organolithium reagents and Grignard reagents are commonly treated and referred to as "carbanions." This is a convenient approximation, although these species are generally clusters or complexes containing highly polar, but still covalent bonds metal–carbon bonds (Mδ+–Cδ−) rather than true carbanions. (Wikipedia).
The Definition of a Linear Equation in Two Variables
This video defines a linear equation in to variables and provides examples of the different forms of linear equations. http://mathispower4u.com
From playlist The Coordinate Plane, Plotting Points, and Solutions to Linear Equations in Two Variables
What is the difference between convex and concave
👉 Learn about polygons and how to classify them. A polygon is a plane shape bounded by a finite chain of straight lines. A polygon can be concave or convex and it can also be regular or irregular. A concave polygon is a polygon in which at least one of its interior angles is greater than 1
From playlist Classify Polygons
Linear Algebra: Continuing with function properties of linear transformations, we recall the definition of an onto function and give a rule for onto linear transformations.
From playlist MathDoctorBob: Linear Algebra I: From Linear Equations to Eigenspaces | CosmoLearning.org Mathematics
👉 Learn about polygons and how to classify them. A polygon is a plane shape bounded by a finite chain of straight lines. A polygon can be concave or convex and it can also be regular or irregular. A concave polygon is a polygon in which at least one of its interior angles is greater than 1
From playlist Classify Polygons
#Cycloid: A curve traced by a point on a circle rolling in a straight line. (A preview of this Sunday's video.)
From playlist Miscellaneous
What are four types of polygons
👉 Learn about polygons and how to classify them. A polygon is a plane shape bounded by a finite chain of straight lines. A polygon can be concave or convex and it can also be regular or irregular. A concave polygon is a polygon in which at least one of its interior angles is greater than 1
From playlist Classify Polygons
Aldol condensation | Alpha Carbon Chemistry | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy
Base-catalyzed mechanism for aldol addition and aldol condensation. Created by Jay. Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/ochem-alpha-carbon-chemistry/aldol-condensation-jay/v/mixed-crossed-aldol-condensation?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaig
From playlist Alpha carbon chemistry | Organic Chemistry | Khan Academy
Synthesis of alcohols using Grignard reagents I | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy
Synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols from aldehydes and ketones using Grignard reagents. Created by Jay. Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/alcohols-ethers-epoxides-sulfides/synthesis-alcohols-tutorial/v/synthesis-of-alcohols-usi
From playlist Alcohols, ethers, epoxides, sulfides | Organic Chemistry | Khan Academy
👉 Learn about polygons and how to classify them. A polygon is a plane shape bounded by a finite chain of straight lines. A polygon can be concave or convex and it can also be regular or irregular. A concave polygon is a polygon in which at least one of its interior angles is greater than 1
From playlist Classify Polygons
The Chemistry of Arynes (Benzyne)
In this course we've come across some surprising structures, but benzyne is one of the most surprising. It would seem impossible that a triple bond could form on a benzene ring, and in truth it can't fully form, but benzyne is a molecule with triple bond character between two of its carbon
From playlist Organic Chemistry
Organometallic Reagents and Carbanions: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #28
Have you ever wondered why the gas station has “unleaded fuel” but there isn’t a “leaded” option? The answer has to do with a chemical called tetraethyl lead, which is an organometallic compound, or an organic compound with a carbon-metal bond. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemi
From playlist Organic Chemistry
E2 Reaction Mechanism - Hoffman Elimination vs Zaitsev's Rule
This organic chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into the E2 reaction mechanism. The hoffman product is the least stable alkene and the zaitsev product is the most stable alkene. The hoffman product can be formed using a bulky base with a sterically hindered alkyl hali
From playlist New Organic Chemistry Playlist
What is the difference between convex and concave polygons
👉 Learn about polygons and how to classify them. A polygon is a plane shape bounded by a finite chain of straight lines. A polygon can be concave or convex and it can also be regular or irregular. A concave polygon is a polygon in which at least one of its interior angles is greater than 1
From playlist Classify Polygons
Reduction of alkynes | Alkenes and Alkynes | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy
Different methods for reducing alkynes to alkenes or alkynes. Created by Jay. Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/alkenes-alkynes/alkyne-reactions/v/hydrohalogenation-of-alkynes?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=organicchemistry Missed th
From playlist Alkenes and alkynes | Organic Chemistry | Khan Academy
Addition of carbon nucleophiles to aldehydes and ketones | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy
How carbon-containing nucleophiles attack aldehydes and ketones to form alcohols. Created by Jay. Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/aldehydes-ketones/reactions-aldehydes-ketones-jay/v/formation-of-alcohols-using-hydride-reducing-agents?utm_source
From playlist Aldehydes and ketones | Organic Chemistry | Khan Academy
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution II | Aromatic Compounds | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy
The elimination-addition mechanism. Created by Jay. Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/aromatic-compounds/nucleophilic-aromatic-substitution/v/nucleophilic-aromatic-substitution-i?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=organicchemistry O
From playlist Aromatic compounds | Organic Chemistry | Khan Academy
Alkyne Reactions & Tautomerization: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #18
Carbon-carbon double bonds are pretty common in nature, but triple bonds between carbons, called alkynes, are not. When alkynes do pop up in nature, it’s usually in a compound that’s toxic to humans, however, we can synthesize alkynes that are life saving medicines and materials. In this e
From playlist Organic Chemistry
What are the names of different types of polygons based on the number of sides
👉 Learn about polygons and how to classify them. A polygon is a plane shape bounded by a finite chain of straight lines. A polygon can be concave or convex and it can also be regular or irregular. A concave polygon is a polygon in which at least one of its interior angles is greater than 1
From playlist Classify Polygons
Clemmensen Reduction & Wolff Kishner Mechanism
This organic chemistry tutorial video discusses the clemmension reducton reaction, the wolff kishner reduction mechanism, and the thioketal reduction or mozingo reduction reaction. It provides the full mechanism of the wolff kishner reaction which can reduce aldehydes and ketones under ba
From playlist New Organic Chemistry Playlist