Tort Law and Liability

1. Tort Law and Liability
   1. Vicarious Liability
      1. Definition and Concept
         1. Legal Doctrine Overview
         2. Purpose of Vicarious Liability
      2. Employer-Employee Relationships
         1. Respondeat Superior Principle
         2. Scope of Employment
            1. Factors Determining Scope
            2. Exceptions and Limitations
         3. Liability for Employee Misconduct
            1. Acts within Course of Employment
            2. Frolic and Detour Doctrine
      3. Independent Contractors
         1. General Rule of Non-Liability
         2. Exceptions to the Rule
            1. Inherently Dangerous Activities
            2. Non-Delegable Duties
            3. Apparent Authority and Estoppel
      4. Liability in Specific Contexts
         1. Temporary and Part-Time Workers
         2. Volunteers and Interns
         3. Franchise Operations
   2. Joint and Several Liability
      1. Definition and Application
         1. Historical Origins
         2. Rationale for Joint Liability
      2. Implications for Defendants
         1. Shared Responsibility
         2. Contribution Among Tortfeasors
      3. Impact on Plaintiffs
         1. Maximizing Recovery
         2. Challenges in Collection
      4. Reform Efforts and Variations
         1. Comparative Fault and its Impact
         2. Statutory Modifications
   3. Market Share Liability
      1. Introduction to the Concept
         1. Development and Historical Background
         2. Use in Asbestos and DES Cases
      2. Legal Requirements
         1. Identifiability of Product
         2. Fungibility of Products
      3. Policy Considerations
         1. Fairness and Justice
         2. Criticisms and Controversies
      4. Case Law and Jurisdictional Approaches
         1. Key Jurisprudential Developments
         2. Variations in Adoption by Courts
   4. Liability Across Borders
      1. Transnational Torts
         1. Defining Transnational Tort Liability
         2. Jurisdictional Challenges
      2. Choice of Law in Cross-Border Cases
         1. Principles and Tests Applied
         2. Complications in Multijurisdictional Litigation
      3. Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
         1. Reciprocity and Comity
         2. Practical Challenges in Enforcement
   5. Emerging Trends in Tort Liability
      1. Liability in the Gig Economy
         1. Classification of Workers
         2. Impact on Vicarious Liability
      2. Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems
         1. Assigning Liability: Human vs. Machine
         2. Anticipating Future Legal Developments
      3. Climate Change and Environmental Torts
         1. Expanding Theories of Liability
         2. Influence of International Law and Agreements