Special Relativity

1. Experimental Evidence
   1. Tests of Lorentz Invariance
      1. Michelson-Morley Experiment
         1. Aim to detect the presence of aether
         2. Set up using an interferometer to measure differences in the speed of light
         3. Null result supportive of Lorentz invariance
      2. Modern Michelson-Morley Experiments
         1. Improved precision through advanced technology
         2. Utilization of atomic and optical interferometry
   2. High-precision Clocks in Motion
      1. Hafele–Keating Experiment
         1. Cesium-beam atomic clocks on commercial aircraft
         2. Comparison of clocks' timings with Earth-based references
         3. Results confirming predictions of time dilation
      2. Time Dilation on Spacecraft
         1. Atomic clocks on spacecraft like GPS satellites
         2. Regular adjustments needed due to relativistic effects
         3. Experiments corroborating relativity theory
   3. Particle Lifetime Measurements
      1. Muon Decay Experiments
         1. Observations of muons from cosmic rays
         2. Extended lifetimes as observed in Earth's atmosphere
         3. Alignment with theoretical predictions of time dilation
      2. Experiments with Particle Accelerators
         1. Increased lifetimes of particles at high velocities
         2. Validation of relativistic effects in laboratory conditions
   4. Observation in Cosmic Rays
      1. Muons and Cosmic Ray Showers
         1. High-energy particles from outer space
         2. Confirmation of extended muon lifetime due to high velocities
      2. Response of Detectors on Earth
         1. Detection of cosmic ray particles trajectories
         2. Relation of findings to relativistic time dilation and Lorentz contraction
   5. Additional Confirmation Experiments
      1. Ives-Stilwell Experiment
         1. Testing time dilation through Doppler effect in light
         2. Utilization of hydrogen canal rays
         3. Results consistent with special relativity predictions
      2. Pound-Rebka Experiment
         1. Verification of gravitational time dilation
         2. Utilization of gamma-ray propagation in a gravitational field
         3. Importance for integration of special and general relativity
   6. Technological Derived Evidence
      1. Synergy with General Relativity
         1. Necessary corrections in GPS
         2. Experimental tests harmonizing special relativity predictions with gravitational influences
      2. Advances in Particle Physics
         1. Use of special relativity in explaining behaviors at particle colliders
         2. Observed mass-energy equivalence used in practical applications
   7. Ongoing Experiments
      1. Increasing Precision of Measurements
         1. Continuous development of highly sensitive instruments
         2. Efforts to test limits of Lorentz invariance
      2. Experiments in Space
         1. Use of satellite technology to provide new channels for observing relativistic effects
         2. Calibration of space-based instruments based on special relativity predictions