Solid State Physics

1. Crystallography
   1. Types of Crystal Structures
      1. Simple Cubic (SC)
         1. Characteristics
            1. Coordination number
            2. Atomic packing factor
         2. Examples in nature
         3. Relation to other structures
      2. Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)
         1. Structural features
            1. Coordination number
            2. Atomic packing factor
         2. Common materials with BCC
            1. Iron at room temperature
         3. Stability conditions
      3. Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
         1. Geometric properties
            1. Coordination number
            2. Atomic packing factor
         2. Examples and applications
            1. Aluminum, copper
         3. Comparisons with other lattices
      4. Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)
         1. Atomic arrangement
            1. Coordination number
            2. Atomic packing factor
         2. Examples in metals
            1. Magnesium, zinc
         3. Importance in material properties
   2. Unit Cells and Lattices
      1. Definitions and importance
         1. Relationship between unit cells and lattice structure
      2. Types of unit cells
         1. Primitive, centered
      3. Conversion between different lattice systems
      4. Volume and density calculations for unit cells
   3. Miller Indices
      1. Definition and purpose
      2. Steps in determining Miller indices
      3. Interpretation of indices
         1. Planes and directions
      4. Applications in crystallography
   4. Bravais Lattices
      1. Definition and historical context
      2. Comprehensive overview of the 14 Bravais lattices
         1. Cubic
         2. Tetragonal
         3. Orthorhombic
         4. Hexagonal
         5. Trigonal (Rhombohedral)
         6. Monoclinic
         7. Triclinic
      3. Significance in symmetry and crystal systems
   5. Symmetry and Point Groups
      1. Basic concepts of symmetry in crystals
      2. Types of symmetry operations
         1. Rotation, reflection, inversion, rotoinversion
      3. Classification into point groups
         1. Notation and tabulation
      4. Role in determining physical properties
      5. Space groups and their significance
   6. Crystal Growth and Formation
      1. Methods of crystal growth
         1. Czochralski process, flux growth, Bridgman technique
      2. Factors affecting growth process
         1. Temperature, saturation
      3. Implications on purity and defects
   7. Crystallographic Defects
      1. Types of defects
         1. Point defects
         2. Line defects (dislocations)
         3. Planar defects (grain boundaries)
      2. Impact on material properties
         1. Mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties
      3. Methods to control and utilize defects
   8. Techniques in Crystallography
      1. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
         1. Principles and working
         2. Interpretation of diffraction patterns
         3. Applications in determining structure
      2. Neutron and Electron Diffraction
         1. Comparison with X-ray diffraction
         2. Advantages and limitations
   9. Applications of Crystallography
      1. Role in material science
      2. Biomedical applications
         1. Protein crystallography
      3. Semiconductor industry
         1. Understanding and developing new materials
   10. Historical Evolution of Crystallography
       1. Early observations and developments
       2. Contributions of notable scientists
       3. Milestones in crystallography
          1. Discovery of X-ray diffraction
          2. Development of crystallographic databases