Operating Systems

1. Types of Operating Systems
   1. General-purpose operating systems
      1. Microsoft Windows
         1. Windows NT series
         2. Windows Server editions
         3. User-friendly interface
         4. Broad hardware support
         5. Software compatibility
      2. macOS
         1. Based on Unix
         2. Known for graphic design applications
         3. Integration with Apple ecosystem
         4. Software-specific hardware
      3. Linux
         1. Open-source and customizable
         2. Various distributions (distros)
            1. Ubuntu
            2. Fedora
            3. Debian
         3. Popular in servers and desktops
         4. Strong community support
      4. Unix
         1. Multiuser capabilities
         2. Robust and stable
         3. Applications in education and enterprises
         4. Variants like BSD and Solaris
   2. Mobile operating systems
      1. Android
         1. Open-source
         2. Developed by Google
         3. Customizable user interface
         4. Wide market share
         5. Extensive app ecosystem
      2. iOS
         1. Closed-source
         2. Developed by Apple
         3. Known for security and privacy
         4. Integration with Apple's hardware
         5. App Store for applications
   3. Embedded operating systems
      1. VxWorks
         1. Real-time for embedded systems
         2. Industrial and aerospace applications
         3. Features like determinism and low latency
      2. FreeRTOS
         1. Open-source, lightweight
         2. Suitable for small microcontrollers
         3. Known for simplicity and reliability
         4. Widely used in IoT devices
   4. Real-time operating systems (RTOS)
      1. Key characteristics
         1. Deterministic response times
         2. Priority scheduling
         3. Minimal latency
         4. Resource management efficiency
      2. Examples
         1. VxWorks
         2. QNX
         3. RTEMS
         4. Used in automotive and aerospace industries
   5. Network operating systems
      1. Windows Server
         1. Centralized directory services
         2. Network security and management
         3. File and application services
         4. Scalability for enterprise networks
      2. Linux-based servers (e.g., Ubuntu Server, CentOS)
         1. Open-source flexibility
         2. Strong security features
         3. Cost-effective
         4. Extensive support for web services and applications