Neuropsychology

1. Brain Structure and Function
   1. Anatomy of the Brain
      1. Lobes of the Brain
         1. Frontal Lobe
            1. Functions
               1. Motor Functions
               2. Higher Cognitive Functions
                  1. Planning
                  2. Decision Making
                  3. Personality
                  4. Language Production (Broca's Area)
            2. Disorders Associated
               1. Frontal Lobe Syndrome
               2. Impact on Behavior and Personality
         2. Parietal Lobe
            1. Functions
               1. Sensory Information Processing
               2. Spatial Orientation and Navigation
               3. Coordination and Integration of Senses
            2. Disorders Associated
               1. Neglect Syndrome
               2. Gerstmann's Syndrome
         3. Temporal Lobe
            1. Functions
               1. Auditory Processing
               2. Language Comprehension (Wernicke's Area)
               3. Memory Encoding and Retrieval
            2. Disorders Associated
               1. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
               2. Language Disorders
         4. Occipital Lobe
            1. Functions
               1. Visual Processing
               2. Interpretation of Visual Information
            2. Disorders Associated
               1. Visual Agnosia
               2. Cortical Blindness
      2. Subcortical Structures
         1. Basal Ganglia
            1. Functions
               1. Regulation of Voluntary Motor Movements
               2. Procedural Learning
               3. Emotion and Cognition
            2. Disorders Associated
               1. Parkinson's Disease
               2. Huntington's Disease
         2. Thalamus
            1. Functions
               1. Relay of Sensory and Motor Signals
               2. Regulation of Consciousness, Sleep, and Alertness
            2. Disorders Associated
               1. Thalamic Pain Syndrome
               2. Cognitive Dysfunction
         3. Limbic System
            1. Amygdala
               1. Functions
                  1. Emotion Processing
                  2. Fear Responses
                  3. Memory Modulation
               2. Disorders Associated
                  1. Anxiety Disorders
                  2. PTSD
            2. Hippocampus
               1. Functions
                  1. Memory Formation
                  2. Spatial Memory and Navigation
               2. Disorders Associated
                  1. Alzheimer's Disease
                  2. Amnesia
         4. Brainstem
            1. Functions
               1. Autonomic Functions (Heart Rate, Breathing)
               2. Sleep-Wake Cycles
               3. Reflex Actions
            2. Disorders Associated
               1. Locked-in Syndrome
               2. Central Apnea
      3. Cerebellum
         1. Functions
            1. Coordination of Voluntary Movements
            2. Motor Learning
            3. Balance and Posture
         2. Disorders Associated
            1. Ataxia
            2. Dysmetria
   2. Neural Communication
      1. Neurons and Synapses
         1. Structure of Neurons
            1. Cell Body (Soma)
            2. Dendrites
            3. Axons
            4. Myelin Sheath
         2. Types of Neurons
            1. Sensory Neurons
            2. Motor Neurons
            3. Interneurons
         3. Synaptic Transmission
            1. Electrical Synapses
            2. Chemical Synapses
            3. Synaptic Plasticity
      2. Neurotransmitters
         1. Types of Neurotransmitters
            1. Excitatory (e.g., Glutamate)
            2. Inhibitory (e.g., GABA)
            3. Modulatory (e.g., Dopamine, Serotonin)
         2. Functions of Neurotransmitters
            1. Mood Regulation
            2. Cognition Enhancement
            3. Sleep and Appetite Regulation
         3. Disorders Associated
            1. Depression and Serotonin
            2. Dopamine and Schizophrenia
      3. Neural Networks
         1. Organization of Neural Networks
            1. Local Circuits
            2. Global Networks
         2. Network Dynamics
            1. Synchronization
            2. Oscillatory Patterns
         3. Impact on Brain Function
            1. Cognitive Processes
            2. Consciousness
            3. Learning and Memory Integration