Intellectual Property Law

1. Challenges and Issues in Intellectual Property Law
   1. Digital Age and Online Infringements
      1. Piracy
         1. Impact on music and film industries
         2. Counteractive measures by rights holders
         3. Role of digital rights management (DRM)
      2. Streaming and Downloading
         1. Legality of streaming services
         2. Peer-to-peer file sharing networks
         3. Regulatory challenges for app-based platforms
      3. Role of Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
         1. Liability for infringing content
         2. Implementation of notice and takedown systems
         3. Balancing user privacy and enforcement
   2. Globalization and Cross-border Issues
      1. Enforcement Challenges
         1. Jurisdictional issues in cross-border disputes
         2. Lack of uniform enforcement mechanisms
         3. International collaboration and cooperation
      2. Harmonization of Laws
         1. Variability in IP laws among countries
         2. Efforts and obstacles in standardizing regulations
         3. Influence of international treaties and agreements
   3. Balancing Innovation and Public Access
      1. Compulsory Licensing
         1. Definition and purpose
         2. Use in the pharmaceutical industry
         3. Implications for patent holders and public health
      2. Open Innovation Models
         1. Concept and benefits
         2. Examples of open-source software development
         3. Challenges in protection and monetization of creations
      3. Access to Educational Materials
         1. Copyright limitations in education sector
         2. Role of open educational resources (OER)
         3. Licensing agreements and royalty negotiations
   4. Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions
      1. Exploitation of indigenous resources
      2. Customary laws and modern IP systems
      3. Efforts to develop sui generis protection systems
   5. IP and Environmental Sustainability
      1. Green technologies and patenting
      2. Incentives for sustainable innovation
      3. Tensions between protection and necessary dissemination for global good
   6. Biotechnology and Genetic Resources
      1. Patenting of genetic sequences
      2. Ethical considerations in biotechnology IP
      3. International treaties regarding genetic resource use and sharing
   7. Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property
      1. Ownership of AI-generated works
      2. Challenges in defining authorship
      3. Patentability of AI technologies
   8. Blockchain Technology and IP Rights Management
      1. Use of blockchain for registration and verification
      2. Smart contracts in licensing and rights management
      3. Challenges in scalability and adoption of blockchain solutions
   9. Costs of IP Litigation
      1. Financial barriers for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
      2. Strategies for cost reduction and efficient dispute resolution
      3. Impact on innovation and market competition